Semantics

Question 1

Signifiant

Answer 1

Signifier/ Form (Ausdruck des sprachlichen zeichens)

Question 2

Signifié

Answer 2

Signified/Meaning (Inhalt des sprachlichen Zeichens)

Question 3

Characteristics of the linguistic sign ( Ferdiand de Saussure)

Answer 3

• linearity
• conventionality
• arbitrariness (no link between form and meaning)

Question 4

Denotation

Answer 4

relationship between a linguistic sign and its denotatum

Question 5

Denotatum

Answer 5

the set of objects, people, etc of the world to which a word can be applied to

Question 6

referent

Answer 6

the member of the set referred to

Question 7

reference

Answer 7

the relationship between the respective phrase and the referent

Question 8

referring expression

Answer 8

form + meaning

Question 9

linguistic sign (word)

Answer 9

form + meaning

Question 10

polysemous lexeme

Answer 10

more than one meaning

Question 11

polysemy

Answer 11

same etymological roots

Question 12

homonymy

Answer 12

different etymological roots

Question 13

structural semantics

Answer 13

purly language-internal approach, without taking psychological and extralinguistic factors

Question 14

lexical field

Answer 14

set of lexical units that:
- belong to the same word class
- share at least one specific semantic component (apple, pear, cherry are all fruits)

Question 15

hyponymy

Answer 15

x is a kind of y ( unilateral entailment)

Question 16

hyperonym

Answer 16

superordinate

Question 17

hyponyms

Answer 17

subordinates

Question 18

co- hyponyms

Answer 18

multiple hyponyms

Question 19

meronymy

Answer 19

X is a part of y

Question 20

holonym

Answer 20

whole

Question 21

meronyms

Answer 21

parts

Question 22

homographs

Answer 22

identical spelling, diffenrent sound

Question 23

homophones

Answer 23

different spelling, same sound

Question 24

synonymy

Answer 24

bilateral entailment
Example:
He shut the door.
He closed the door.

Question 25

Near -synonymy

Answer 25

radio-wireless
previous- former

Question 26

Kinds of Antonymy

Answer 26

• gradable antonyms
• complementaries
• relational antonyms/ converses

Question 27

componential analysis

Answer 27

Example:
- man: +human+adult+male
- woman: +human+adult-male
- girl: +human-adult-male

Question 28

semantic components need to be

Answer 28

• atomic
• recurrent
• binary
• universal

Question 29

Problems with definiton of semantic components

Answer 29

• Where does atomization stop?
• Sometimes features have to used only one time