Module 2-3 Review

Question 1

List four factors that assist Venous return to the heart

Answer 1

1. Muscle contractions
2. Valves
3. Respiration
4. Pressure gradients

Question 2

Describe how inspiration affects flow in the lower extremities in the supine patient

Answer 2

Inspiration increases pressure in abdomen which slows down flow from the lower extremities because the pressure gradient is decreased

Question 3

How does the valsalva maneuver affect pressure and flow in the veins?

Answer 3

With valsalva, all pressure in veins increase, therefore venous flow slows down or stops

Question 4

What is transmural pressure?

Answer 4

The difference between intraluminal and interstitial pressure

Question 5

Does walking increase or decrease peripheral venous pressure? Why?

Answer 5

It decreases pressure because you have the muscles contracting to help push the blood back to the heart (25mmGh when walking compared to the 110 mmHg when standing still)

Question 6

What part of the body is hydrostatic pressure measurement related to?

Answer 6

Heart, more specifically the right atrium because the pressure is 0 mmHg

Question 7

The greatest number of valves is in what part of the Lower extremity?

Answer 7

Calves

Question 8

What deep veins exhibit pulsating waveforms normally?

Answer 8

Central veins (closest to the heart)
Ex. Hepatic veins, IVC, SVC,

Question 9

What vessels direct blood from the superficial to the deep system in the lower extremity?

Answer 9

Perforators

Question 10

Does inspiration increase or decrease intrathoracic pressure?

Answer 10

Decrease because inspiration increases intraabdominal

Question 11

Define the Doppler equation

Answer 11

( 2x Fo x V x Cos)/ C

Question 12

Explain the cause of the waveform seen in this image and how you might expand the examination if application

Answer 12

Continuous flow which demonstrates a lack of respirophasicity- meaning there is some sort of proximal blockage

Question 13

List the two techniques used to analyze the doppler shifts for the spectral tracing and colour flow respectively

Answer 13

1. FFT
2. Autocorrelation

Question 14

List four waveform qualities that should be identified in a normal waveform of the femoral vein?

Answer 14

1. Spontaneous
2. Respirophasic
3. Augmentable
4. unidirectional

Question 15

Label the component of the wave

Answer 15

1. Peak systolic velocity
2. Diacrotic notch
3. End Diastolic velocity
4. Velocity
5. Window
6. Time

Question 16

How can we optimize the image?

Answer 16

We need to woohoo the box because we don’t have enough flow (steer)

Question 17

What’s wrong with the image?

Answer 17

Box position (what are we focus on/ interrogate)

Question 18

Based on the image provided what can we do better?

Answer 18

We need to reduce depth.