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PHRM 835 > IV Bolus - 1 > Flashcards

IV Bolus - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition

Pharmacokinetics (PK)

A

the study of the process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body

what the body does to the drug - ADME

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2
Q

definition

Optimal drug therapy

A

determination of optimal dosage regimen (how many mg and how many times a day)

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3
Q

definition

IV Bolus

A

a rapid injection that ensures the entire dose enters the systemic circulation immediately

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4
Q

IV bolus input:
What does the plasma [ ] vs time graph look like?

A
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5
Q

One compartment model assumptions

  • The body acts like a ___ homogenous compartment and drug rapidly distributes uniformly in it.
  • The drug is in rapid ___ between the blood and the tissues.
  • Changes in the plasma concentration of drug will result in ___ changes in tissue drug levels.
A
  • single
  • equilibrium
  • proportional
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6
Q

One compartment model

Elimination follows a ___ order process: the ___ rate is proportional to the [ ] of the drug

A
  • first
  • elimination
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7
Q

First order elimination

zero order is eliminating the same amount every time whereas first order eliminates the same precentage of the amount remaing each time.

Example: decreasing by 10 each time vs decreasing by 10% each time

A
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8
Q

Unit for kel

A

/h

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9
Q

Unit for Vd

A

L

Vd is the size of the compartment

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10
Q

IV Bolus equation

A
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11
Q

Vd equation

A
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12
Q

Different drugs show different ___ after a given dose, and thus different ___

A
  • Cp0
  • Vd
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13
Q

T or F: Cp0 is the y intercept on a [ ] vs time graph

A

true

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14
Q

Vd depends on the ___ properties of the drug.

A

physicochemical

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15
Q

Hydrophilic compounds
* Do not cross ___ readily
* ___ Cp0 given a dose

A
  • membranes
  • higher
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16
Q

Lipophilic compounds
* have ___ tissue distribution
* ___ Cp0 given a dose

A
  • better
  • lower
17
Q

Vd is a measure of drug ___ in the body

A

distribution

18
Q

Volume of distribution (Vd)

  • In most cases, Vd dose not correspond to a ___ volume.
  • Special occasions: if drug is confined to the bloodstream (volume ~ ___ ) or total body water (volume ~ ___ ), then the pharmacokinetic parameter Vd may reflect the physiologic volume.
A
  • physiologic
  • 5 L
  • 42 L
19
Q

definition

half life

A

The time it takes for half of the drug in the body to be eliminated or the time it takes for the plasma concentration to decrease by a half

20
Q

definition

Clearance (CL)

A

proportionality constant relating the rate of drug elimination and the plasma concentration

21
Q

Unit for CL

A

L/h

22
Q

CL equation

A
23
Q
  • If drug A has a higher kel than drug B, it is eliminated ___
  • if drug A has a higher CL than drug B, it is eliminated ___
A
  • faster
  • faster
24
Q

definition

Elimination rate constant (kel)

A

fractional rate of loss of drug from the body

25
Q

kel vs. CL
* kel = ___ rate of drug loss from the body.
* CL = ___ of drug-containing plasma from which drug is completely cleared.

A
  • fractional (10%)
  • volume (L/h)
26
Q

Theoretically, CL cannot exceed ___ (because drugs reach the drug-eliminating organs via the blood pumped by heart)

A

cardiac output

27
Q

equation for kel and t1/2

A
28
Q

For a drug that has linear kinetics, if we double the dose then the plasma
concentration will ___ at each time point.

A

double

28
Q

For a drug that has linear kinetics, if we double the dose then the plasma
concentration will ___ at each time point.

A

double

29
Q

linear kinetics

Pharmacokinetic parameters ___ , ___ , and ___ are constant, that is, they are independent of dose

A

kel, CL, Vd

30
Q

Non linear kinetics

occurs when one or more ADME processes shows ___
* dose ___ PK

A

saturation
* dependent

31
Q

Non linear kinetics

___ and ___ are dependent on dose

A

CL, Vd

32
Q

Linear kinetics

When the dose is higher, Vd will
A) increase
B) not change
C) decrease

A

not change

33
Q

Linear kinetics

T or F: In linear kinetics, AUC is proportional to dose.

A

true

34
Q

Linear kinetics

As time passes after drug administration, CL, K el or Vd will
A) increase
B) not change
C) decrease

A

not change

PHRM 835 (14 decks)

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