10. Sympathomimetics and sympatholytics agents Flashcards

1
Q

activation of α1 -receptor

A

✦ smooth muscle contraction
✦ vasoconstriction
✦ mydriasis

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2
Q

activation of α2 -receptor

A

✦ inhibition of neurotransmitter release (NA!)
✦ GI-relaxation
✦ inhibition of insulin release

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3
Q

activation of β1 -receptor

A

✦ positive inotropic and chronotropic effects

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4
Q

activation of β2 -receptor

A

✦ vasodilation
✦ bronchodilatation
✦ uterus relaxation

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5
Q

activation of β3 -receptor

A

✦ lipolysis in fat tissue

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6
Q

Pharmacological effect of sympathomimetic drugs. Cardiovascular system.

A

✦ positive chronotropic (β1)
✦ positive inotropic (β1)
✦ vasoconstriction (α1)
✦ vasodilatation (β2)

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7
Q

Pharmacological effect of sympathomimetic drugs. Gastrointestinal system

A

✦ smooth muscle relaxation
✦ GI atony

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8
Q

Pharmacological effect of sympathomimetic drugs. Respiratory system

A

✦ bronchodilatation
✦ decreased bronchial secretion

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9
Q

Pharmacological effect of sympathomimetic drugs. Urinary bladder

A

✦ increased sphincter-constriction (α1)

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10
Q

Pharmacological effect of sympathomimetic drugs. Eye

A

✦ mydriasis (iris radial muscles)
✦ increase in aqueous humor production

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11
Q

list of non-selective sympathomimetics

A

✦ adrenaline
✦ noradrenaline
✦ dopamine

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12
Q

Adrenaline (epinephrine). Indications

A

nonselective, mainy β1 and β2
arrhytmogenic!. Intratracheal/IV
Indications:
⋆ cardiac stop
⋆ severe bronchoconstriction
⋆ anaphylaxia
⋆ local vasoconstriction (haemorrhages)
⋆ increase in duration of local anaesthetics

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13
Q

Noradrenaline (norepinephrine). Indications

A

⋆ nonselective (mainly β1 and α1), cardiac effect
⋆ blood pressure is significantly increased!
Indication (rare): hypotension

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14
Q

Dopamine. Receptors?

A

low dose D1 - receptors (kidney!) → 2-5 µg/kg/min medium dose β1 - receptors (heart!) → 5-10 µg/kg/min high dose α1 - receptors (pressor) → 10-20 µg/kg/min

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15
Q

β1-adrenoceptor agonists

A

Dobutamine (mainly β1)
Isoproterenol (β1 and β2)

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16
Q

Dobutamine

A

mainly β1 receptors
indication: cardiogenic shock (IV. infusion)

17
Q

Isoproterenol

A

β1 and β2
heart+bronchi+muscle vessels

18
Q

Mainly β2 agonists:

A

bronchodilatation and uterus relaxation

higher dosage → β1 receptors → cardiac effect
clenbuterole
salbutamole
terbutaline
salmeterole
⋆ isoxsuprine

19
Q

Indications for β2 agonists:

A

⋆ horse RAO
⋆ feline asthma
⋆ bronchitis,
⋆ bronchopneumonia
⋆ tracheal hypoplasia
⋆ tracheal collapse

20
Q

Mainly α1 agonists

A

⋆ Phenylephrine (used rarely. vasoconstriction, usually local use: allergy, cold)

⋆ Xylometazoline, oxymetazoline (vasoconstriction, local usage)

⋆ Phenylpropanolamine (urinary bladder sphincter constriction!, PO usage)

Ephedrine (allergy, incontinence (p.o.))

21
Q

α2 agonists

A

xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine, romifidine

22
Q

Nonselective α-antagonists

A

Phenoxybenzamine (urethra sphincter relaxation)
Phentolamine
Tolazoline

23
Q

α1 antagonists

A

prazosine, doxasozine (urethra sphincter relaxation)

24
Q

α2 rec antagonists

A

atipamezole, yohimbine

25
Q

Nonselective β-rec antagonists

A

Propranolole

Timolole

26
Q

Selective β1 antagonists

A

Metoprolole
Atenolole

27
Q

What is the α1-agonist drug we MUST know?

A

Ephedrine