Unit 2 Terms Topic 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define sensory adaption

A

the way our senses adjust to different stimuli

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2
Q

define retina

A

the light sensitive inner surface of eye contains the receptor rods and cones,

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3
Q

define pupil

A

adjustable opening in the eye where light enters

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4
Q

define cones

A

retinal receptor cells near center of retina functions in daylight. detect fine detail

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5
Q

define rods

A

retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don’t respond.

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6
Q

what is the trichromatic theory

A

the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors—one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue—which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color.

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7
Q

what is sensation

A

process where sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

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8
Q

what is perception

A

process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

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9
Q

what is webers law

A

the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount).

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10
Q

optic nerve

A

the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.

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11
Q

define absolute threshold

A

the minimum stimulation needed to
detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.

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12
Q

define cochlea

A

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner
ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses.

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13
Q

what is frequency

A

the number of
complete wavelengths that pass a
point in a given time (for example,
per second).

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14
Q

what is amplitude

A

determines loudness

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15
Q

frequency theory

A

in hearing, the
theory that the rate of nerve impulses
traveling up the auditory nerve
matches the frequency of a tone, thus
enabling us to sense its pitch.

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16
Q

gate control theory

A

the theory
that the spinal cord contains a
neurological “gate” that blocks pain
signals or allows them to pass on to
the brain. The “gate” is opened by
the activity of pain signals traveling
up small nerve fibers and is closed
by activity in larger fibers or by
information coming from the brain.

17
Q

what is olfaction

A

sense of smell

18
Q

signal detection theory

A

a theory
predicting how and when we detect
the presence of a faint stimulus
(signal) amid background stimulation
(noise). Assumes that there is no
single absolute threshold and that
detection depends partly on a
person’s experience, expectations,
motivation, and alertness.

19
Q

gestalt

A

our tendency to integrate pieces of
information into meaningful wholes.