intro to dev psych Flashcards
beliefs of skinner
came up with operant conditioning
he believed children must perform behavior before learning it
understood the world through behavior (mind is a black box)
believed in reinforcement and punishment
beliefs of Bandura
learning can occur through watching behaviors
understood the world through cognition AND behavior (the mind is not a black box)
believed in imitation
beliefs of Froyd
believed in psychosexual development
super-ego
beliefs of Erikson
psychosocial development
more stages, because development goes longer than adolescence and is more than pleasure.
beliefs of Piaget
intelligence needs to be developed in a slow manner
the main way the world is understood is through senses and motor. as you go from infant to childhood they become more integrated
social interaction stimulates development
little adult intervention
examples: free-range parenting, Montessori school, adventure playground.
beliefs of Vygotsky
very speech based. brain cognition is shown through speech. move from only communication to inner thoughts to metacognition
believed in interaction with others whole were “above” you - everything has a social component
social interaction stimulates the development
examples: Montessori school, apprenticeships
what is a longitudinal design?
one sample group with data taken periodically over time
what is a cross-sectional design?
separate groups (samples) data taken at same time
what does experience-expectant mean?
what every child around the world should go through and the expected milestones
ex: when kids walk
what does experience-dependent mean?
depended on particularly relatable experiences. culture and environment play a role in development.
what is pruning?
eliminates unused neurons and misconnected dendrites
strengthens existing connections and aids in the development of more complete connections
what is constructivism?
robust, reciprocal interaction between an individual and their environment
