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Micro5 > Unity And Diversity Of Life > Flashcards

Unity And Diversity Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria

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2
Q

Are viruses part of the domain tree?

A

No!!
- they are not considered alive b/c can’t reproduce on their own ➡️ require a host

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3
Q

Prokaryotes characteristics

A
  • no membrane bound organelles
  • DNA in nucleoid
  • bacteria and archaea
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4
Q

Eukaryotes

A
  • membrane bound organelles
  • DNA in nucleus
  • eukaryotes
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5
Q

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes do __________ respiration

A

Cellular

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6
Q

Characteristics of microorganisms

A
  • to small to be seen by naked eye
  • can be single/ multicellular
  • found in every domain
  • come in variety of types
  • help the biosphere
  • be used as tools
    -exist in communities
  • associated w/ health and disease
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7
Q

Bacteria and archaea are approximately what size

A

0.5-3 um

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8
Q

Eukaryotes are approximately how small

A

5-100 um

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9
Q

Prokaryotes (bacteria & Archaea) can have how many cells

A

Single called

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10
Q

Eukaryotes can have how many cells

A

Single called or multicellular

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11
Q

Types of microorganisms

A

Eukaryotes: fungi, Protozoa, alga

  • bacteria
  • viruses
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12
Q

Roles of microbes in the biosphere

A
  • make molecules in a usable form for other organisms
    ➡️ fix nitrogen in air to be usable
  • photosynthetic microbes
  • decomposes (Fungi)
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13
Q

How can microbes be used as useful “tools”

A
  • insect control
  • in food/ beverages
  • biotechnology
  • sewage treatment
  • bioremediation
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14
Q

Infectious disease is

A

A disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host

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15
Q

Cell theory

A
  1. Cells come from preexisting cells
  2. Cells are the most basic unit of life
  3. ALL things are made up of cells
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16
Q

What are some cellular function?

A
  • proteins often enzymes catalyze reactions (make a reaction more favorable/ easier to do)
  • DNA ➡️ RNA ➡️proteins
  • metabolism
17
Q

Anabolic Respiration

A

Building polymer - puts energy in (Endogonic)

18
Q

Catabolic respiration

A

Breaking down polymer - energy being released (Exogonic)

19
Q

What are important building block elements?

A
  • carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
20
Q

What are the 4
macromolecules and their subunits?

A

Carbohydrates - glucose
Lipids - fatty acids
Proteins - amino acids
Nuclei acids - nucleotides

21
Q

Where can the genetic information (DNA) be found in Bacteria and Archaea?

A
  • round circular chromosome w/ plasmids in nucleoid
22
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Small circular pieces of DNA w/ few genes with in cytoplasm

23
Q

Where can genetic info for eukaryotes be found?

A

In multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus

24
Q

Theory of endosymbiosis

A

The idea that fusion of an archaea and bacteria led to first eukaryote

25
Q

Why discovered the endosymbiosis theory?

A

Dr. Lynn Maragulis

26
Q

What evidence supports Endosymbiosis Theory?

A
  • organelles have their own genome that looks like bacteria genome
    ➡️ circular & sequence similar to bacteria genome
  • organelles divide/ replicate via process that looks like binary fission ➡️ chloroplast & mitochondria
  • organelles (Mitochondria / Chloroplast) have their own ribosomes that look like bacteria ribosomes
27
Q

Do bacteria have a cell wall?

A

Yes
- peptidoglygan

28
Q

Do Archea have cell walls?

A

Some

29
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a cell wall?

A

Yes (chitin )

30
Q

How do bacteria and archaea reproduce?

A

Asexual

31
Q

Eukaryotes reproduce via

A

Asexual and sexual

32
Q

Bacteria and Archaea (Prokaryotes) exchange info via

A

Horizontal gene transfer

33
Q

Asexual vs. Sexual reproduction

A

Asexual - reproduce by themselves

Sexual - requires another partner

Micro5 (14 decks)

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