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FINALS - DERM > 'cosmetic' > Flashcards

'cosmetic' Flashcards

1
Q

what type of disease is alopecia areata

A

autoimmune

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2
Q

how many patient will have hair regrowth in alopecia areata

A

50% 1 year, 80-90% eventually

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3
Q

mx alopecia areata

A

topical steroids // topical minoxidil // phototherapy // dithranol // immunotherapy

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4
Q

what are port wine stains

A

vascular birth marks, deep red or purple, do not sponatenously fade but become darker and raised over time

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5
Q

mx port wine stains

A

laser therapy

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6
Q

what are salmon patches

A

vascular birth mark at birth // pink, blotchy, on forehead or eyelid or neck // fade over time

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7
Q

how common are salmon patches

A

50% babies

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8
Q

what are spider naevi

A

flat, under the skin papule surrounded by capillaries // blanch under pressure // on upper part of body

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9
Q

how to differentiate spider naevi from telangectasia

A

press on them –> spider naevi fill from centre vs telangectasia from the edge

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10
Q

assoc spider naevi

A

liver disease, pregnant, COCP

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11
Q

what is a sebacous cyst

A

proliferation from epidermal cells in dermis (epidermoid), or from hair follicle (pilar)

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12
Q

where do sebacoues cysts usually occur

A

scalp, ears, face, upper arm

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13
Q

mx sebaceous cyst

A

excision

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14
Q

what are actinic lentigenes

A

UV spots - flat macular areas of pigment

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15
Q

what are melanocytic naevi

A

dark birth marks

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16
Q

type of melanocytic naevi

A

usual, dysplastic, halo, blue

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17
Q

where do keloid scars form

A

connective tissue of a scar and extend beyond the wound

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18
Q

RF keloid

A

dark skin + young

19
Q

most common keloid locations

A

sternum –> shoulder –> neck –> face –> extensors –> trunk

20
Q

what type of incisions reduce risk of keloids

A

relaxed tension lines

21
Q

mx keloids

A

intra-lesional steroid eg triamcinolone // excision

22
Q

1st line mx hyperhidrosis

A

aluminium chloride preparation

23
Q

other mx hyperhidrosis

A

iontophoreses // botulinum injection (armpit) // surgery - endoscopic thransthoracic sympathectomy

24
Q

SE surgery for hyperhidrosis

A

compensatory swelling

25
Q

first aid mx heat burns

A

within 20 mins irrigate with cool water for 10-30 mins, cover in cling film

26
Q

what is wallaces rule of 9’s assessing burns

A

head + neck = 9% // each arm = 9% // ant leg = 9% // post leg = 9% // ant chest = 9% // post chest = 9% // ant abdo = 9% // post abdo = 9%

27
Q

most accurate chart for burn extent

A

lund and browder

28
Q

appearance superficial (1st degree) burn

A

red, painful, no blister

29
Q

appearance partial thickness (superficial dermal) burn

A

pale pink, blistered, slow cap refill

30
Q

appearance partial thickness (deep dermal) burn

A

white, some patches of non-blancing erythema, reduced sensation, pain on deep pressure

31
Q

appearance full thickness burn

A

white, brown, black, no blisters, no pain

32
Q

what is the TBSA assessment

A

palmar surface = roughly 1% of body (not that accurate)

33
Q

which burns need referall

A

all deep dermal + full thickness // superficial burns >3% TBSA in adults or >2% in kids // face, hand, feet, genitalial, circumference burns // inhalation injury // electrical or chemical

34
Q

complications severe burns

A

inflamm cytokenes / / hypovolaemic shock from loss of fluid // catabolic // immunosuppressed // bacterial translocation from the gut // Curling ulcers (peptic) // ARDS // protein loss

35
Q

ABCDE mx severe burns

A

A consider intubation of inhalation, deep burns to face or neck // C = IV fluid if 10% burn kids, 15% adult // C = catheter if 5% burn kid, 10% burn adult

36
Q

what are escharotomies + when are they indicated in burns

A

division of encasing of burn tissue to improve ventilation or relieve compartment syndrome // circumferential, full thickness torso and limb burns

37
Q

when is fluid resus indicated post burn

A

> 15% body adult or >10% child

38
Q

what formula is used for burn fluid resus

A

Parkland

39
Q

what fluid should be used in burn resus

A

crystalloid only eg hartman’s

40
Q

formula burn resus

A

4ml x (total burn surface % x body weight kg) // 50% in first 8 hours, 50% next 16

41
Q

resus end point burns

A

UO 0.5 - 1

42
Q

after 24 hours of burns resus what fluids are given

A

colloid infusion + maintenance cytstalloid (dextrose - saline)

43
Q

what is a Keratoacanthoma

A

deep red lesion that grow quickly over a few days –> necroses + fall off

44
Q

Pyogenic granuloma presentation

A

granulation growth at trauma site –> ulcer + bleed on contact –> curettage + cautert

FINALS - DERM (11 decks)

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