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Plumbing Level 3 > Pumps > Flashcards

Pumps Flashcards

1
Q

What is head Pressure

A

Head pressure is the pressure measure based on the fluid weight and the force of gravity that pushes down on a fluid

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2
Q

When measuring ich of water column what device do we use?

A

Inches of water column are measured using a device called a manometer.

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3
Q

Describe how a pump takes up and pushes out water

A

Pumps use suction to pull water into itself and then the water is moved away from the pump using centrifugal force with a impeller or by displacement

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4
Q

What are public water towers used for

A

Public water towers provide storage for periods of high demand

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5
Q

What is Geodetic elevation

A

Geodetic elevation is typically the height of something measured from sea level.

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6
Q

What is suction

A

Suction is the product of a partial vacuum by the removal of air in order to force fluid into a vacant space (The opposite of PSI)

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7
Q

what is Suction lift or “Suction Head”

A

Suction lift: the pull of water from the lower elevation of a pump up to the pump (Also known as “Suction Head”)

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8
Q

Describe how a pump works using positive and negative pressures

A

Water or fluid is pulled into the pump by the pump creating a negative pressure and then sent away in the form of a positive pressure

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9
Q

Why do we use mercury gauges?

A

Mercury is more dence then water, so we can use a smaller quantity in a manometer and then just convert it to inches of water

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10
Q

How much more dense is mercury then water?

A

Mercury is 13.6 times more dense than water, this makes it more practical to use for measuring suction head.

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11
Q

Where would a mercury gauge be installed in relation to a pump

A

it would be installed up stream from a pump, as it measures the suction lift of the pump

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12
Q

What is atmospheric preassure?

A

ATMpsi is 14.7 psi at sea level and decresses the higher you go up

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13
Q

what is a vacuum

A

any pressure less then 14.7 psi

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14
Q

What is another name for atmospheric pressure and what divise can you use to measure it?

A

Atmospheric pressure can also be called Barometric Pressure and is measured using a Barometer

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15
Q

What would be the theoretical max lift a suction could achieve by itself?

A

14.7 divided by 0.433 = 33.95 ft oh head

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16
Q

What is the practical max of a shallow well and at what level is a well considered a deep well?

A

Shallow well pumps: Max Suction of 25 feet suction lift
Deep well pumps: Greater than 25 feet suction lift

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17
Q

what height is the max feet for a shallow well measured from

A

25’ from draw down to the pump

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18
Q

What is static water level
what is drawdown water level

A

Static water level: is when pump is off
Drawdown: height of well water when pump is on

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19
Q

What is a pressure tank used for?

A

Pressure tank: Stores water under pressure to ensure the pump doesn’t have to turn on as frequently

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20
Q

What is cut in and cut out. what happens at each stage?

A

Cut in: Pump turns on when pressure is to low
Cut out: Pump turns off when desired pressure is achieve

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21
Q

What is draw down as it pertains to pressure tanks

A

Draw down volume: the amount of water that leaves a tank between cut out and cut in

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22
Q

what does a pressure switch control, and what is the delta P involved with it.

A

Pressure switch: is the control that tells the pump to cut in or cut out. This difference is called Delta P and it is equal to 20 PSI as a industry standard

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23
Q

Why do we need a pressure tank?

A

Without a pressure tank a system once opened will lose pressure rapidly, this results in a pump turning on and off rapidly, with a pressure tank the length of time between cut in and cut out is significantly longer.
When a pump is rapidly turning on it is called Short cycling a pump

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24
Q

what are the different types of pressure tanks?

A

Galvanized and Hydro pneumatic

25
Q

what are the different types of Hydro pneumatic tanks?

A

Diaphragm and bladder types

26
Q

What do you do when calculating draw down that is different in galvanized tanks

A

No pre charge on p1, only atmospheric pressure

27
Q

how much is the pre-charge in a tank in relation to cut in pressure

A

2 psi less then cut in pressure

28
Q

How long should a pump run for?

A

A pump should run for at least 1 minute and ideally it should run for 2 minutes

29
Q

What is it called when water fills a pressure tank

A

When a pump is running every time a fixture is turned on it probably means the tank has no air in it. This mean it is waterlogged

30
Q

can a tank be replaced once its been water logged?

A

nope

31
Q

for every 1 fixter in a building how many GPM should you have?

A

1 GPM for every fixture

32
Q

How do you find total dynamic head?

A

Add Suction head and discharge head

33
Q

How do you find Suction head

A

add Elevation difference (from pump to draw down) with Friction loss (from fittings and pipe)

34
Q

How do you find Discharge head?

A

add elevation head (Pump to furthest fixture) with Friction loss (of pipe and fittings) and add Residual pressure (The pressure left at the highest fixture)

35
Q

where else could you find discharge head?

A

Discharge head can also be found as the cut out pressure

36
Q

How does pipe size affect friction loss?

A

The larger the pipe the less the friction loss
The longer the pipe the more friction loss

37
Q

what are the 3 classifications of pumps?

A

Rotary
reciprocating
Centrifugal

38
Q

Which types of pumps are positive displacement pumps and which ones are not

A

Positive displacement pumps are Rotary and Reciprocating pump
Non positive displacement pumps are centrifugal pumps

39
Q

what qualities do Reciprocating pumps have

A

Max suction of 25’, but can be placed in a well so can act as deep well pumps
Have check valves on either side of them

40
Q

What type of pump is a diaphragm pump and what are some quality’s it has?

A

Is a reciprocating pump, used for acid waist Used in situations where the we don’t want the pump to come in contact with the product (food processing)
corrosive or acidic fluids
Viscous fluids (Peanut butter)
Concrete
They are common on planes and cars

41
Q

What type of pump is a piston pump and what are some quality’s it has?

A

Is a reciprocating pump
Can be used to move
Fluids
Viscous media
Compressed gas
They are used in compressors, industrial applications hydraulics and are highly efficient
A disadvantage of them would be a pulsating delivery of fluid

42
Q

What are different types of rotery pumps?

A

Auger pump
Vane pump
Gear pump

43
Q

Ina cintrifigal pump what are the roles of the:
Impeller
Voulute
Eye
Vanes

A

Impeller Rotates which creates a negative in the eye
the vanes carry the water to the volute which converts the velocity into psi

44
Q

Do centrifigal pumps need to be primed?

A

yes

45
Q

what does dead heading a pump damage?

A

dead heading will damage the pump but not the piping

46
Q

How much suction can a centrifugal pump pull with out and with a jet adapter

A

with out: about 15-15 feet
with: 100-120 feet

47
Q

What is the jet pump line called that goes back into the well

A

the Drive line

48
Q

what is the fitting that the jet line hooks upto in the well called?

A

the ejector fitting

49
Q

what 2 components are in a ejector fitting that create the pressure washer affect

A

the venture and the nozzle

50
Q

what minimum psi must be achieved for the drive line?

A

20 psi minimum

51
Q

what is cavitation and how does it happen?

A

Cavitation happens when air bubbles are created when water turns to vapor this happens when:
Not enough suction head in the pump
Too small of a suction line (must not me smaller then one size from the pumps original size)
Throttling a valve on the suction side
Leak in pipe or fittings on the succession side

52
Q

what does cavitation sound line?

A

Usually sounds like gravel in the pipe or popcorn popping

53
Q

what are the three impeller type and where might each be used?

A

Impeller types:
Open: Solids and sewage
Semi-open: Sump pumps
Enclosed: Jet pumps

54
Q

in a submersible pump what does each stage consist of?

A

Each section is called stage and it consists of an impeller, a cup, diffuser and a wear plate

55
Q

what is a diffuser?

A

A diffuser does the same job as a volute (Converts velocity into psi)

56
Q

what is used on a submersible pump to stop it from hitting the well casing when it is started?

A

Utilizes a torque arrestor on the lower end of the suction line

57
Q

what happens to psi and GPM in a Series and parallel multi pump configurations

A

Series and parallel multi pump configurations
Series: PSI increases, GPM stays the same
Parallel: GPM increases, PSI stays the same

58
Q

what kind of pumps require a pressure relief valve?

A

Piston pumps require a pressure relief valve

Plumbing Level 3 (2 decks)

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