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Culture and Psychology > Enculturation > Flashcards

Enculturation Flashcards

1
Q

It generally refers to the products of the socialization process—the subjective, underlying, psychological aspects of culture that become internalized through development

A

Enculturation

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2
Q

The process by which we learn and internalize the rules and patterns of behavior that are affected by culture. This process, which occurs over a long time, involves learning and
mastering societal and cultural norms, attitudes, values, and belief systems

A

Socialization

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3
Q

Socialization Agents

A

Parents, Siblings, Extended Families, Peers, and Organizations

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4
Q

They help instill cultural mores and values in their children, reinforcing those mores and values when they are learned and practiced well and correcting mistakes in that learning.

A

Parents

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5
Q

Who is the proponent of ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY?

A

URIE BRONFENBRENNER

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6
Q

It is a dynamic, interactive
process between individuals and various ecologies that range from the proximal,
immediate environment to the more distal.

A

Human development

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7
Q

It is the first level of Bronfenbrenner’s theory, and are the things that have direct contact with the child in their immediate environment, such as parents, siblings, teachers and school peers.

A

Microsystem

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8
Q

It encompasses the interactions between the child’s microsystems, such as the interactions between the child’s parents and teachers, or between school peers and siblings.

A

Mesosystem

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9
Q

It incorporates other formal and informal social structures, which do not
themselves contain the child, but indirectly influence them as they affect one of the microsystems.

A

Exosystem

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10
Q

It focuses on how cultural
elements affect a child’s development, such as socioeconomic status, wealth, poverty, and ethnicity

A

Macrosystem

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11
Q

It consists of all of the
environmental changes that occur over the lifetime which influence development, including major life transitions, and historical events.

A

Chronosystem

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12
Q

He argued that to understand how a child develops, we must consider the experience of the child within each of these systems.

A

Bronfenbrenner

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13
Q

Ecological Systems Theory is consist of…

A

Microsystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem

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14
Q

The most important microsystem to a child’s
development is ________

A

Family

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15
Q

It is a unit of the society (a small social group), the most important form of organization of person’s everyday life, based on
a marital union and family ties – relations between husband and wife, parents and children, brothers and sisters, and other relatives living together and running a joint household

A

Family

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16
Q

If a society has a high rate of ___________, parenting efforts may concentrate on meeting basic physical needs. Parents may have little choice but to disregard other developmental demands.

A

infant mortality

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17
Q

He identified three general
patterns of parenting based on two key dimensions: warmth/responsiveness and control.

A

Baumrind

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18
Q

The children of _______ demonstrate better school
performance, more positive mood, self reliance, self-confidence, higher emotional and social skills

A

Authoritative

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19
Q

What are the 4 parenting styles?

A

Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive
Uninvolved/Neglectful

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20
Q

The children of _______ are found to be more anxious and withdrawn, lacking spontaneity and intellectual curiosity.

A

Authoritarian

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21
Q

The children of ______ are immature; they have difficulty controlling their impulses and acting
independently.

A

Permissive

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22
Q

The children of _______ are the worst, being noncompliant and demanding.

A

Uninvolved

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23
Q

According to Chua’s definition, these are mothers of Chinese (or other ethnic) origin who are highly controlling and authoritarian. This style of parenting is seen as harsh,
demanding, and often emotionally unsupportive.

A

Tiger Mother

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24
Q

This can be a more collaborative approach than
some of the other classic parenting styles. They aim to guide and support but also
promote independent choices and creativity. They try setting achievable and realistic expectations but still encourage their child to
work hard.

A

Dolphin mother

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25
Q

These parents are the opposite of authoritarians. They project high warmth and communication but take little control, tolerate
inconsistent daily routines, and provide few clear expectations for their kids

A

Jellyfish Mother

26
Q

Especially in the first years of
life, children depend on their parents to protect them from harm. When children are distressed, an appropriate parenting behavior is to respond
sensitively and offer comfort

A

Protection

27
Q

Children must learn how to live by culturally defined rules.

A

Control

28
Q

Learning how to cooperate

A

Reciprocity

29
Q

Learning Specific Skills

A

Guided Learning

30
Q

Learning to participate
in social groups and cultural practices.

A

Group Participation

31
Q

Domain-Specific Approach

A

Protection
Control
Reciprocity
Guided Learning
Group Participation

32
Q

They are the arena for training interpersonal competencies, they act as role models and serve as one of the basic sources of emotional and instrumental
support.

A

Brothers and sisters

33
Q

This relationship is oftentimes one of
the longest relationships in a person’s life.

A

Sibling relationships

34
Q

▪ Achiever and leader
▪ A desire to please others
▪ Bossy and authoritarian about rules
▪ Feelings of superiority on other children
▪ A tendency to be controlling and focused on
being correct about results

A

Oldest Child

35
Q

▪ People pleaser, rebellious, competitive,
peacemaker
▪ Independent and not need the support for
others
▪ Develop abilities the first child doesn’t
exhibit to gain attention

A

Second Child

36
Q

These children tend to get much more attention
from adults than a child with siblings does. This
means many of their early interactions involve
individuals significantly older than them.

A

Only Child

37
Q

▪ Confident, self-centered, sensitive
▪ Maturity for their age
▪ A tendency to feel unfairly treated when not
getting their own way
▪ A desire to be more like adults, so may not
relate well with peers

A

Only Child

38
Q

The “baby” of the family tends to get more
attention from parents since the older siblings
are developing and becoming more
independent.

A

Youngest Child

39
Q

Begin their lives with their parents’ attention on
the firstborn. They try to catch up with older children.

A

Second Child

40
Q

Since they are used to being an only child until siblings come along, they may exhibit some of the characteristics of an only child.

A

Oldest Child/Firstborn Child

41
Q

▪ Can be an attention seeker
▪ Feels inferior, like everyone is bigger or
more capable
▪ Expects others to make decisions and take
responsibility
▪ May not be taken seriously

A

Youngest Child

42
Q

Types of Family

A

Extended Families
Multigenerational Households

43
Q

It is a family that extends beyond the nuclear family
of parents and their children to include aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins or other relatives, all living nearby or in the same
household. Particular forms include the stem and joint families.

A

Extended Families

44
Q

They are are defined as
including two or more adult generations (with adults mainly ages 25 or older) or a “skipped generation,” which consists of grandparents and their grandchildren younger than 25.

A

Multigenerational households

45
Q

___________ conveys beliefs and values that may influence behaviors related to identity exploration, and it may facilitate or constrain those behaviors themselves. The messages a student gets from multiple peer systems may promote identity exploration.

A

Informal peer culture

46
Q

Mead’s Types of Culture

A

Postfigurative
Cofigurative
Prefigurative

47
Q

Cultural change is slow, socialization occurs primarily by elders transferring their knowledge to their children.

A

Postfigurative

48
Q

Cultural change occurs more rapidly, adults continue to socialize their children, but peers play a greater role in
socializing each other.

A

Cofigurative

49
Q

Culture is changing so rapidly that young people may be the ones to teach
adults.

A

Prefigurative

50
Q

It is when you do something because you want to feel accepted and valued by your friends.

A

Peer pressure or influence

51
Q

It is an aggressive behavior
among school aged children that involves a real
or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is
repeated, or has the potential to be repeated,
over time.

A

Bullying

52
Q

Types of Bullying

A

Physical
Verbal
Social
Cyberbullying

53
Q

In which children take part play an important role in imparting cultural values.

A

Educational Systems

54
Q

The process by which individuals learn and adopt the ways and manners of their specific culture.

A

Enculturation

55
Q

The process by which we learn and internalize the rules and patterns of behavior that are affected by culture. This process, which occurs over a long time, involves learning and mastering societal andcultural norms, attitudes,
values, and belief systems.

A

Socialization

56
Q

Parental cultural belief
systems

A

Parental Ethnotheories

57
Q

A style of parenting in which the parent expects
unquestioned obedience and views the child as needing to be controlled.

A

Authoritarian Parent

58
Q

A style of parenting in which
parents allow children to
regulate their own lives and
provide few firm guidelines

A

Permissive Parent

59
Q

A style of parenting that is
viewed as firm, fair, and reasonable.

A

Authoritative Parent

60
Q

A style of parenting in which
parents are often too absorbed in their own lives to respond appropriately to
their children and may seem
indifferent to them.

A

Uninvolved Parent

Culture and Psychology (4 decks)

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