Appendicular Muscle: Lower limb

Question 1

Compartments of the thigh

Answer 1

• anterior compartment: recuts femoris, vastus lateralis, sartorius, vastus medialis, femoral artery, vein, and nerve (flexor of the thigh)
• medial compartment: adductor longus, adductor magnus
• posterior compartment: sciatic nerve, biceps femoris and semitendinosis (extensors of your thigh)

Question 2

Gluteus maximus

Answer 2

• origin: iliac crest, sacrum
• insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur, IT band
• action: extend and laterally rotate thigh (pull femur back)

Question 3

Gluteus medius (cut) and minimus

Answer 3

• origin: ilium
• insertion: greater trochanter of femur
• action: abduct (leg lifts — laying on side and lifting leg) and medially rotate thigh
• constantly firing so we don’t injure ourselves and wiggle our hips too much

Question 4

Lateral rotators (priformis, superior and inferior gemellus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris)

Answer 4

• origin: sacrum or ischium
• insertion: greater trochanter of femur
• action: laterally rotate thigh

Question 5

Tensor fascia lata

Answer 5

• origin: ilium
• insertion: IT band
• action: tenses fascia lata, some knee flexion
• helps maintain posture

Question 6

Satrorius

Answer 6

• origin: ilium (anterior superior iliac spine)
• insertion: tibia (medial aspect)
• action: flex and abduct thigh, flex leg (knee joint)

Question 7

Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis)

Answer 7

• origin: femur, rectus femoris from ilium
• insertion: tibia via patellar ligament
• action: extend leg, rectus femoris can also flex thigh

Question 8

vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis picture

Answer 8

Question 9

Adductor longus, brevis, and, magnus

Answer 9

• origin: pubis
• insertion: femur (posterior aspect)
• action: adduct, laterally rotate thigh

Question 10

Pectineus

Answer 10

• origin: pubis
• insertion: femur (posterior aspect)
• action: flex and adduct thigh

Question 11

Gracilis

Answer 11

• origin: pubis
• insertion: medial aspect of tibia
• action: adduct thigh; flex leg

Question 12

Biceps femoris

Answer 12

• origin: ischial tuberosity (and femur)
• insertion: lateral tibial condyle
• action: extend thigh; flex leg (pull leg up)

Question 13

Semimembranosus and semtendinosus

Answer 13

• origin: ischial tuberosity
• insertion: medial tibial condyle
• action: extend thigh, flex leg

Question 14

Compartment of the leg

Answer 14

• anterior compartment: tibialis anterior, anterior tibial artery and vein
• lateral compartment: fibularis longus
• deep posterior compartment: tibialis posterior, posterior tibial artery and vein
• superficial posterior compartment: soleus, gastrocnemius

Question 15

Tibialis anterior

Answer 15

• origin: tibia
• insertion: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
• action: Dorsiflex (pointing foot up to the sky) and invert foot

Question 16

Extensor digitorum

Answer 16

• origin: tibia and fibula
• insertion: digits 2-5 middle and distal phalanges
• action: extend digits

Question 17

Extensor hallucis

Answer 17

• origin: fibula
• insertion: distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
• action: extend digit 1

Question 18

Fibularis longus

Answer 18

• origin: fibula
• insertion: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal (approaches from lateral aspect of foot)
• action: plantarflex (point toes to the ground) and evert the foot

Question 19

Fibularis brevis (deep to longus)

Answer 19

• origin: fibula
• insertion: fifth metatarsal (lateral aspect of foot)
• action: plantarflex and evert foot

Question 20

Gastrocnemius

Answer 20

• origin: femur (lateral and medial epicondyles)
• insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
• action: plantarflex foot

Question 21

Soleus (deep to the gastrocnemius)

Answer 21

• origin: tibia, fibula
• insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
• action: plantarflex foot

Question 22

Tibialis posterior

Answer 22

• origin: tibia; fibula
• insertion: tarsals and metatarsals
• action: plantarflex and invert foot

Question 23

Flexor digitorum longus

Answer 23

• origin: tibia
• insertion: distal phalanges
• action: plantarflex foot; flex digits 2-5

Question 24

Flexor hallucis longus

Answer 24

• origin: fibula
• insertion: distal phalanx of hallux (digit 1/big toe)
• action: flex digit 1