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01. Respiratory System - HP > Lower Repiratory Tract Infections in Children > Flashcards

Lower Repiratory Tract Infections in Children Flashcards

1
Q

<p>What infection is associated with A?</p>

A

<p>Pneumonia</p>

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2
Q

<p>What infection is associated with B?</p>

A

<p>Bronchitis</p>

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3
Q

<p>What infection is associated with C?</p>

A

<p>Empyema</p>

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4
Q

<p>What infection is associated with D?</p>

A

<p>Bronchiolitis</p>

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5
Q

<p>What infection is associated with E?</p>

A

<p>Tracheitis</p>

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6
Q

<p>What are common bacterial infective agents?</p>

A

<p>Strep pneumoniae</p>

<p>Haemophillus influence</p>

<p>Moraxella catarrhalis</p>

<p>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</p>

<p>Chlamydia pneumoniae</p>

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7
Q

<p>What are common viral infective agents?</p>

A

<p>RSV</p>

<p>Parainfluenza III</p>

<p>Influenza A and B</p>

<p>Adenovirus</p>

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8
Q

<p>What are the principles of patient management?</p>

A

<p>Make a diagnosis</p>

<p>Assess the patient</p>

<p>Decide to treat or not to treat</p>

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9
Q

<p>Is the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infections increasing or decreasing?</p>

A

<p>Increasing</p>

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10
Q

<p>How common is tracheitis?</p>

A

<p>Uncommon</p>

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11
Q

<p>What can tracheitis be described as?</p>

A

<p>Croup which does not get better</p>

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12
Q

<p>What are symptoms of tracheitis?</p>

A

<p>Fever</p>

<p>Sick child</p>

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13
Q

<p>What is tracheitis usually caused by?</p>

A

<p>Staph or strep invasive infection</p>

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14
Q

<p>Why does tracheitis lead to struggling to breath?</p>

A

<p>Swollen tracheal wall and luminal debris narrows the tracheal lumen</p>

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15
Q

<p>How common is bronchitis?</p>

A

<p>Common</p>

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16
Q

<p>What are symptoms/signs of bronchitis?</p>

A

<p>Loose rattly cough with upper respiratory tract infection</p>

<p>Poast-tussive vomit</p>

<p>Chest free of wheeze/creps</p>

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17
Q

<p>What is bronchitis usually caused by?</p>

A

<p>Haemophilus</p>

<p>Pneumococcus</p>

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18
Q

<p>Why does bacterial bronchitis cause problems?</p>

A

<p>Disturbed mucociliary clearance</p>

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19
Q

<p>What kind of infection is bacterial bronchitis normally?</p>

A

<p>Secondary infection</p>

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20
Q

<p>How long can a cough last for with bronchitis?</p>

A

<p>25 days</p>

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21
Q

<p>What is a typical natural history of bacterial bronchitis?</p>

A

<p>Following upper respiratory tract infection</p>

<p>Lasts 4 weeks</p>

<p>60-80% respond</p>

<p>First winter bad</p>

<p>Second winter better</p>

<p>Third winter fine</p>

<p>Caused by pneumococcus/H flu</p>

22
Q

<p>What should you do when you see persistant bacterial bronchitis?</p>

A

<p>1) Make the diagnosis</p>

<p>2) Reassure</p>

<p>3) Do not treat</p>

23
Q

<p>Who does bronchiolitis normally affect?</p>

A

<p>Infants</p>

24
Q

<p>What percentage of all infants does bronchiolotis affect?</p>

A

<p>30-40%</p>

25
Q

<p>What is bronchiolitis normally caused by?</p>

A

<p>RSV</p>

<p>Paraflu</p>

<p>HMPV</p>

26
Q

<p>What are symptoms of bronchiolitis?</p>

A

<p>Nasal stuffiness</p>

<p>Tachypnoea</p>

<p>Poor feeding</p>

<p>Crackles</p>

<p>Maybe wheeze</p>

27
Q

<p>What long can brionchiolitis last?</p>

A

<p>More than 16 days</p>

28
Q

<p>When do RSV cases peak?</p>

A

<p>During winter, especially around winter</p>

29
Q

<p>What is usually seen when diagnosis bronchiolitis?</p>

A

<p><12 months old</p>

<p>One of (not recurrent)</p>

<p>Typical history</p>

30
Q

<p>What is the management of bronchiolitis?</p>

A

<p>Maximal observation</p>

<p>Minimal intervention</p>

31
Q

<p>What investigations should be done for bronchiolitis?</p>

A

<p>Nasopharyngeal asparate (NPA)</p>

<p>Oxygen saturations</p>

32
Q

<p>What medication is proven to work for bronchiolitis?</p>

A

<p>None</p>

33
Q

<p>What are common symptoms for lower respiratory tract infections?</p>

A

<p>Fever (>38.5oC)</p>

<p>Shortness of breath</p>

<p>Cough</p>

<p>Grunting</p>

<p>Reduced or bronchial breath sounds</p>

<p>Wheeze if viral</p>

34
Q

<p>If a wheeze is heard in a lower respiratory tract infection what does it make unlikely?</p>

A

<p>Bacterial infection</p>

35
Q

<p>What can be said about the word pneumonia?</p>

A

<p>It causes great anxiety</p>

36
Q

<p>What are chest X-rays only used for with pneumonia?</p>

A

<p>To support clinical findings</p>

37
Q

<p>What is not routine for community acquired pneumonia?</p>

A

<p>Chest X-ray</p>

<p>Inflammatory markers</p>

38
Q

<p>What does the management of community acquired pneumonia involve?</p>

A

<p>Nothing if the symptoms are mild</p>

<p>Oral amoxicillin first line</p>

<p>Oral macrolide second choice</p>

<p>Only use IV if vomiting</p>

39
Q

<p>When should you use an IV antibiotic for pneumonia?</p>

A

<p>If the patient is vomiting</p>

40
Q

<p>What medicines are the first and seconds lines for community acquired pneumonia?</p>

A

<p>Amoxicillin is first line</p>

<p>Macrolide is second line</p>

41
Q

<p>What are advantages of oral antibiotics vs IV?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Shorter hospital stay</p>

<p>Cheaper</p>

42
Q

<p>What is the advantage of IV antibiotics instead of oral?</p>

A

<p>Fever cleared quicker</p>

43
Q

<p>When should you use oral antibiotics?</p>

A

<p>Antiobiotics are indicated</p>

<p>Non-severe lower respiratory tract infection</p>

<p>Child is not vomiting</p>

44
Q

<p>What is pertussis also known as?</p>

A

<p>Whooping cough</p>

45
Q

<p>What is the other name for whooping cough?</p>

A

<p>Pertussis</p>

46
Q

<p>How common is pertussis?</p>

A

<p>Common</p>

47
Q

<p>What reduces the risk and severity of pertussis?</p>

A

<p>Vaccination</p>

48
Q

<p>What are symptoms of pertussis?</p>

A

<p>Coughing fits</p>

<p>Vomiting</p>

<p>Colour change</p>

49
Q

<p>What is empyaema?</p>

A

<p>Extension of infection into pleural space</p>

50
Q

<p>What is a possible complication of pneumonia?</p>

A

<p>Empyema</p>

51
Q

<p>What are the symptoms of empyema?</p>

A

<p>Chest pain</p>

<p>Very unwell</p>

52
Q

<p>What is the prognosis of empyema like in children compared to adults?</p>

A

<p>Very good in children compared to adults</p>

01. Respiratory System - HP (82 decks)

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