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National Forest > History Of NPS > Flashcards

History Of NPS Flashcards

1
Q

Park Origination

A

Old French and Middle English term parc which means “enclosed piece of ground stocked with beasts of the chase held by prescription or by the king’s grant

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2
Q

Hudson River School Artist

A

Thomas Cole and others focused on East ;realistic portrayals of landscapes “ looked directly to nature for guidance and inspiration”

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3
Q

Rocky Mountain School of Landscape Art

A

Albert Beirdstadt and Thomas Moran ; focused on the grandeur of the west; scenic impact instead of realism

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4
Q

A Cultural Wasteland

A

Scenic nationalism
Jefferson’s emphasis that scenic should be dramatic
Most never experienced the west

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5
Q

1st State Park in US

A

Yosemite Valley
Ownership later towards federal gov of California
1st example of monumentalism

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6
Q

Worthless Lands (National Parks)

A

Parks should exclude commercial resources at the outset or if significant resources are found the park boundaries should be redrawn

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7
Q

1st National Park 1872

A

Yellowstone

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8
Q

Expedition by Cook, Folsom, and Peterson

A

1869

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9
Q

1870

A

Expedition by Washburn, Langford, and Doane

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10
Q

Hayden survey with scientist commissioned by congress

A

Both led to greater public interest in the west and Yellowstone

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11
Q

1890s

A

Census report of 1890 “close of frontiers”
Increasing populations pressure an open space
Led to resurgence of national park idea since Yellowstone
Beginning of NPS

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12
Q

Worthless Lands

A

Only lands set aside by Congress without economic value

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13
Q

Hayden Survey

A

Indicated areas not suitable for cultivation, livestock, or mining

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14
Q

Gifford Pinchot

A

1st chief of the forest service in established in 1905 and believed in utilizing and using resources for common good

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15
Q

Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir

A

Key to Preservation movement to protect lands against human uses or abuses

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16
Q

National Park Service Created

A

1916

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17
Q

Steve Mather 1st National Park Service Director

A

Wrote to Secretary of Interior Franklin Lane about deteriorating conditions of National Parks

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18
Q

Organic Act of 1916 NPS / Dual Mandate

A

Promote and regulate the use of Federal Areas known as national park, monuments, and reservation and conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife Theron

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19
Q

Mid 1890s

A

Public lands crucial as Wildlife Habitat

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20
Q

John F lacy

A

Pending extinction of bison should be considered monumental and catastrophic
Led to Act to Protect the Birds and Animals in Yellowstone

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21
Q

Antiquities Act

A

Presidents ability to establish national monuments and bypass congress to protect objects of historic or scientific interest

22
Q

1906 First National Monument

A

Devils Tower in Wyoming

23
Q

National Monuments

A

Devils Tower, Petrified Forest, Montezuma Castle

24
Q

Civilian Conservation Corps

A

During Great Depression 1929-1939
Directed by NPS to develop new roads campsites, tails, and other park facilities to meet rec long term needs

25
Q

Mission 66

A

1956 NPS began a 10 year program to expand and upgrade visitor facilities in national park units

26
Q

Railroads to access western parks

A

Steve Mather allied with railroads from the eastern

27
Q

1978

A

Largest Expansion of NPS
(Jimmy Carter)

28
Q

Everglades National Park 1934

A

1st park established because of ecological conservation

29
Q

Park Museums and interpretive programs appeared

A

1920s

30
Q

Study of Nature

A

Parks viewed as field labs

31
Q

1st national park east of the Mississippi

A

Acadia National Park

32
Q

Great Smokey Park

A

1934

33
Q

Shenandoah National Park (1935)

A
34
Q

System for state parks

A

1920s

35
Q

1st National seashore 1937

A

Cape Hatteras

36
Q

National Park System 85 mil acres
419 sites
19 different designations

A

Historical Parks, national monument, national parks, battlefield, preserves, recreation areas, seashores, parkways, lakeshores, reserves

37
Q

National Park

A

Large land or water areas that contain a variety of resources and help provide adequate protection of resources

38
Q

National Monument

A

Created by antiquities act 1906
Usually smaller than national park and lacks diversity of attractions
Intended to preserve one nationally significant resource

39
Q

National preserves

A

Established for protection of resources
Activities like hunting fishing or extraction of minerals and fuels may be permitted if they do not jeopardize the natural values

40
Q

National lakeshores and seashores

A

Focuses on preservation of natural values at the same time providing water-oriented recreation

41
Q

National Rivers &Wild Scenic Rivers

A

Preserve free flowing streams and their intermediate environment with at least one outstanding remarkable natural, cultural, or recreational value.
Must flow natural without any major altercation like dams
Protect and enhance rivers while also providing rec opportunities

42
Q

National Parkways

A

Roadway and parkland paralleling the roadway intended for scenic driving along a protected corridor and connect cultural sites

43
Q

National Recreation Areas

A

Provide outdoor recreation for large # of people
Often large reservoirs or near urban areas

44
Q

National Historic Sites

A

Contains a single historic feature
Historic parks that extend beyond single properties/sites

45
Q

National Memorial

A

Commemorates a historic person or episode

46
Q

At least 247 species

A

NPS
75000 archeological sites
27000 historic structures
167 million museum items
18000 miles of trails

47
Q

Budget

A

2018 Fiscal year 3.2 billion
Contributes 35.8 billion to the US economy
116 NPS sites charge entrance fees
Money enhances services

48
Q

The NPS maintains

A

879 visitor centers

49
Q

Employees

A

Mores than 22000
339000 volunteer

50
Q

Concession

A

500 or more
And employee 25000
1.3 billion annually and pay government 80 million

National Forest (9 decks)

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