Lower respiratory tract infection

Question 1

inflammatory processes in bronchioles; most common in pediatrics; following a viral infection

Answer 1

Acute bronchitis

Question 2

productive cough, malaise, wheezing, trouble breathing; Wheezing and/or rhonchi may be heard on auscultation; rhonchi may clear with cough

Answer 2

Presentation of acute bronchitis

Question 3

rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza A and B, and parainfluenza virus are all common causes of what LRTI?

Answer 3

Acute bronchitis

Question 4

Pneumonia acquired within 48H of hospital admission

Answer 4

Community acquired pneumonia

Question 5

S. aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, & candida are the most common infectious agents of what type of pneumonia?

Answer 5

Hospital acquired pneumonia

Question 6

What is the most common bacterial agent that causes CAP?

Answer 6

S. pneumoniae

Question 7

coronavirus, flu virus, and respiratory syncytial virus are all the main viruses that cause what type of pneumonia ?

Answer 7

CAP

Question 8

Pneumonia acquired 48H after hospital admission

Answer 8

HAP

Question 9

loss of cough centers (due to stroke), drugs, alcohol, aging, smoking, toxic work environment, a Tumor that obstructs airway clearing

Answer 9

things that predispose a patient to getting pneumonia

Question 10

What is pneumonia?

Answer 10

is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by an acute infection

Question 11

What is the most common or “classical” pneumonia?

Answer 11

Bacterial Pneumococcal Lobar Pneumonia

Question 12

What organism causes pneumococcal pneumonia?

Answer 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 13

Bacterial pneumonia is spread via what route and what is the diameter of the particles?

Answer 13

Droplet route; greater than 5 micrometers

Question 14

How does a pathogen enter the body to become a pneumonia?

Answer 14

It enters the upper respiratory tract, and through micro aspirations it moves into the LRT

Question 15

TB, anthrax, and fungi are transmitted via what route?

Answer 15

Airborne

Question 16

pneumocystis jirovecii is seen in Pt with what other comorbidity?

Answer 16

HIV

Question 17

fever, chills, sweat, rigors, cough with sputum, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain

Answer 17

presentation of pnemonia

Question 18

blood tinged sputum is a sign that what microbe is responsible for the pneumonia present?

Answer 18

S. pneumoniae

Question 19

NEW Infiltrate on CXR & pulmonary SX

Answer 19

The two things you need to diagnose CAP

Question 20

consolidative lobar infiltrates; pulmonary opacity

Answer 20

Imaging seen in pneumonia patient

Question 21

thick walled solitary cavity surrounded by consolidation;

Answer 21

Imaging seen in patient with Lung Abscess

Question 22

Sputum culture showing gram positive cocci LANCET shaped

Answer 22

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 23

What organism is targeted in a Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract agar plate?

Answer 23

Legionella

Question 24

Minimum patient hospitalization time for pneumonia diagnosis?

Answer 24

5 days

Question 25

How long are patients with S. aureus pneumonia hospitalized on average?

Answer 25

28 days

Question 26

First line treatment for a lung abscess

Answer 26

Carbapenem or clindamycin

Question 27

What must you rule out before treating a lung abscess and why?

Answer 27

Empyema because that DX requires a thoracostomy (tube insertion) and if that procedure is done on an abscess it will cause complications

Question 28

What drugs are great for treating pneumococcal pneumonia & can reduce death by 85%

Answer 28

Penicillins

Question 29

Best empirical treatment for CAP

Answer 29

Macrolide, doxy, or amoxicillin

Question 30

What is the common infectious agent seen in a pneumonia patient who is an alcoholic?

Answer 30

Klebsiella pneumonia; it colonizes in their oropharynx and is aspirated into the lungs

Question 31

How long is the incubation period for influenza viruses?

Answer 31

1-4 days

Question 32

What type of influenza is the most common cause on infection in humans?

Answer 32

Type C

Question 33

What are two conditions that can cause complications in an influenza infection?

Answer 33

pregnancy, obesity, asthma, over 65

Question 34

What is Reye Syndrome ?

Answer 34

A complication from type B flu infection that causes liver issues in young children and is associated with aspirin use