Pulmonary embolic disease

Question 1

venous thromboembolism is made up of what two incidents

Answer 1

DVT+PE

Question 2

clot that forms in the deep veins and travels to the pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

Venous thromboembolism

Question 3

Pathophysiology: occlusion of >25% of the vein causes right ventricular dysfunction and raises pulmonary vascular resistance

Answer 3

pulmonary embolism

Question 4

What will you see on ECG in 70% of PE patients?

Answer 4

nonspecific ST and T changes; and sinus tachycardia;

Question 5

What is the gold standard test modality for PE diagnosis?

Answer 5

Helical CTA-PA

Question 6

What type of drugs are first line treatment for VTE and how long is the treatment course?

Answer 6

DOAC’s & three months

Question 7

Treatment : for high-risk massive PE, this has mortality benefit and can reverse right ventricular dilation faster than anticoagulant

Answer 7

thrombolytics

Question 8

D-dimer level of less than _____ can rule out PE if Well’s criteria is low risk

Answer 8

<500ng/dL

Question 9

pleuritic chest PX, dyspnea, hemoptysis, syncope are signs of what two disorders?

Answer 9

DVT and PE

Question 10

Well’s criteria score of >6:

Answer 10

High risk

Question 11

Moderate risk Well’s score for pulmonary embolism

Answer 11

2-6

Question 12

These drugs help break down main clots and lower death risk; use even without DX of PE when there’s high suspicion for one and low bleed risk

Answer 12

Anticoagulants

Question 13

Patients with a contraindication to anticoagulants and recurrent PE should have what type of therapy to avoid PE?

Answer 13

IVC filter

Question 14

long periods of stillness (stasis), hypercoagulability due to drugs or genetics, damage to vessel walls are all risk factors for a potential what?

Answer 14

Pulmonary embolism (or DVT)

Question 15

What will you see on an ABG in a patient with a pulmonary embolism?

Answer 15

acute respiratory alkalosis (caused by hyperventilation) & hypoxemia

Question 16

This drug class is used for high-risk massive PE, & has mortality benefit and can reverse right ventricular dilation faster than anticoagulant

Answer 16

Thrombolytics

Question 17

What drug is contraindicated in a patient with bleeding risk (including a recent surgery, or stroke)?

Answer 17

Thrombolytics