Unit 6

Question 1

Economic Imperialism

Answer 1

Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other governments; examples include British East India Company influence in India, Banana Republics in Honduras

Question 2

Social Darwinism

Answer 2

The application of ideas about evolution and “survival of the fittest” to human societies - particularly as a justification for their racism and imperialist expansion

Question 3

Civilizing Mission

Answer 3

the concept that Western nations could bring “advanced” science and economic development to non-Western parts of the world that justified imperial administration; included notion that colonialism was a duty for Europeans and a benefit for the colonized.

Question 4

White Man’s Burden

Answer 4

idea that Europeans had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those “less civilized;” originally coined by a British poet and writer named Rudyard Kipling in his poem of the same name

Question 5

Belgian Congo

Answer 5

Exploited by Leopold II at Belgium under the Berlin Act, Leopold was supposed to act as a trustee. He violated the agreement and stripped the country of its resources and mutilated its people

Question 6

Settler Colony

Answer 6

Large numbers of people come to the colonies to live in the colony and establish a permanent presence. Britain established these including Jamestown and New Zealand

Question 7

Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement

Answer 7

Pivotal movement that weakened the Xhosa and ushered in a new era of colonial expansion and domination of South Africa by the British. The prophecy was that killing all cattle would bring back ancient chiefs and ancestors; an example of an indigenous rebellion against European imperial expansion

Question 8

Ghost Dance Movement

Answer 8

The last effort of Native Americans to resist US domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands, often viewed as an indigenous religious movement.

Question 9

Indian Revolt of 1857

Answer 9

Widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857–59. Also called the Indian’s first War of Independence; began in 1857 as a revolt of Sepoys (soldiers) of the British East Indian Company army; was ended by British military and resulted in full British control of India and loss of British East India Company’s power

Question 10

Opium Wars

Answer 10

wars between Great Britain and China, began as a conflict over the opium trade as GB illegally imported opium produced in the Middle East and South Asia in hopes of forcing trade with China; ended with the Chinese treaty to the British- the opening of 5 Chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges

Question 11

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 11

The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising against foreigners that occurred in China. 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the “foreign devils”. The rebellion was ended by British troops; led to decreased power and influence of the Qing Dynasty

Question 12

Taiping Rebellion

Answer 12

(1850-1864) A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners.

Question 13

Spheres of Influence in China

Answer 13

an area where a foreign nation controlled economic developments such as railroad construction and mining; occurred in China after the Opium Wars

Question 14

ethnic enclave

Answer 14

A place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area; a result of migration movements driven by industrialization

Question 15

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 15

(1882) The US denied any Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.

Question 16

White Australia Policy

Answer 16

Before 1973, a set of stringent Australian limitations on nonwhite immigration to the country. It has been largely replaced by a more flexible policy today; a reaction to migrations driven by industrialization

Question 17

Cecil Rhodes

Answer 17

British entrepreneur and politician involved in the expansion of the British Empire from South Africa into Central Africa. The colonies of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) were named after him; representative of African imperialism in the 19th century

Question 18

Treaty of Nanjing

Answer 18

1842, ended Opium Wars in China and led to diminished Chinese political and economic power; set up 5 treaty ports where westerners could live, work, and be treated under their own laws; one of these was Hong Kong.

Question 19

British East India Company

Answer 19

A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.

Question 20

Berlin Conference

Answer 20

A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules to colonize Africa