Aerobic, anaerobic and the effects of exercise

Question 1

Word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 1

Glucose → energy + lactic acid

Question 2

What is the anaerobic training threshold

Answer 2

80-90% of maximum hr

Question 3

What does EPOC stand for

Answer 3

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Question 4

What is EPOC

Answer 4

After taking part in exercise, a person continues to breathe more deeply and rapidly than when at rest to take in additional oxygen to repay their oxygen debt.

Question 5

What is the oxygen gained from EPOC used for? (4)

Answer 5

• maintain higher than resting breathing rate, heart rate and temperature
• break down and oxidise lactic acid
• gradually reduce body temperature
• remove excess carbon dioxide from the body

Question 6

How should someone recover after being in the anaerobic threshold

Answer 6

• Cool down
• Rehydration + Refuelling
• Ice baths to push blood flow to deep tissue, preventing swelling and pain in the arms and legs.

Question 7

Word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 7

Glucose + oxygen → energy + water + carbon dioxide

Question 8

What is the aerobic training threshold

Answer 8

60-80% of maximum hr

Question 9

The immediate effect of exercise on the cardiovascular system

Answer 9

Increase in stroke volume (SV); increase in heart rate (HR); increase in cardiac output (Q); increase in blood pressure (BP)

Question 10

The immediate effect of exercise on the respiratory system

Answer 10

Increase in breathing rate; increase in tidal volume

Question 11

The immediate effect of exercise on the cardio-respiratory system

Answer 11

Increase in oxygen uptake; increase in carbon dioxide removal

Question 12

The immediate effect of exercise on the energy system

Answer 12

Increase in lactate production

Question 13

The immediate effect of exercise on the muscular system

Answer 13

Increase in temperature of muscles; increased pliability

Question 14

Four short term affects of exercise

Answer 14

• Tiredness and fatigue
• Light-headedness
• Nausea
• Delayed onset muscle soreness

Question 15

Why does doms occur

Answer 15

It occurs when muscles experience pain for 24-48 hours after intense exercise due to microscopic tears in the muscle fibres. DOMS typically follows a change in training or performance intensity and the muscles need to be rested while in this condition to avoid injury

Question 16

The long term effect of exercise on the cardiovascular system

Answer 16

Cardiac hypertrophy; increased stroke volume (SV); decrease in resting heart rate (HR); increase in maximum cardiac output (Q); capillarisation at the lungs and muscles; increase in number of red blood cells

Question 17

The long term effect of exercise on the respiratory system

Answer 17

Increased number of functioning alveoli; increased strength of the respiratory muscles (intercostals and diaphragm)

Question 18

The long term effect of exercise on the energy system

Answer 18

Increased production of energy from the aerobic energy system; increased tolerance to lactic acid

Question 19

The long term effect of exercise on the muscular system

Answer 19

Muscle hypertrophy; increased strength of tendons; increased strength of ligaments

Question 20

The long term effect of exercise on the skeletal system

Answer 20

Increase in bone density

Question 21

The long term effect of exercise on the muscular system

Answer 21

Increase in strength; increase in flexibility; increase in speed; increase in muscular endurance

Question 22

What is cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 22

Cardiac hypertrophy is where the ventricle wall gets larger or thickens as a result of exercise.

Question 23

What does having an increased cardiac hypertrophy mean

Answer 23

The heart is able to pump out more blood during each contraction which increases the stroke volume. As stroke volume is increased, resting heart rate decreases but cardiac output (Q) remains the same as SV × HR = Q.

Question 24

What is capillarisation

Answer 24

Capillarisation is the process where new capillaries are formed.

Question 25

Where does capillarisation occur

Answer 25

It takes place at the alveoli in the lungs and at the skeletal muscle.

Question 26

What is the effect of capillarisation

Answer 26

This has the effect of increasing the amount of oxygen that can be transferred to the working muscles as well as increasing the amount of carbon dioxide that can be removed