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living things - biology unit 1 > Cells n Organelles!!! > Flashcards

Cells n Organelles!!! Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What is a Dichotomous Key?

A

A device that can easily be used to identify an unknown organism.

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2
Q

What is a Prokaryote and their features?

A
  • Small in size
  • Simple internal organization
  • No nucleus (has nucleoid; single loop of DNA)
  • No membrane bound organelles such as ER

Eg. Bacteria.

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3
Q

What is a Eukaryote?

A
  • Large in size
  • Complex internal organization
  • Has nucleus
  • Has membrane bound organelles

Eg. Plants, Animals, Fungi

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4
Q

When did Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes and multi celled appear???

A

Pro: 3.5 bil years ago
Eu: 1.5 bil years ago
M C: 700 mil yrs ago

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5
Q

What organelles do both animal and plants have?

A

Both:
- Cell Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Nuclear membrane
- Chromosomes
- Nucleolus
- Ribosomes
- Golgi Body
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Lysosome
- Vacuole
- Peroxisome

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6
Q

What organelles does only Animal cells have?

A
  1. Cila
  2. Fagella
  3. Centrosome
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7
Q

What organelles does only Plant cells have?

A
  1. Cell wall
  2. Central vacuole
  3. Plastid
  4. Chloroplast
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8
Q

What is an organelle?

A

A structure within the cell and has a function to provide for the cell.

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9
Q

What is a Cell Membrane?

A
  • Separates interior for exterior
  • Protects Cell wall
  • Allows certain substances in and out of the cell

Looks:
- Made of phospholipid Bilayer
- Contains pores

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10
Q

What is Cytoplasm?

A
  • Composed of mainly dissolved material and water.
  • Environment where “work” is done.
  • Includes cytosol.

Cytosol:
- Where chemical reactions occur
- Filled w sugar and water
- Substances surrounding the organelles

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11
Q

What is the Nucleus?

A
  • “Control center”
  • Contains genetic info to control all cell activities.
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12
Q

What is a Nuclear Membrane?

A
  • Protects the contents of the nucleus.
  • Surrounds genetic Material.
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13
Q

What is Nucleolus??

A
  • Makes Ribosomes
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14
Q

What are Nuclear Pores

A
  • Allows certain materials to go in and out of the cell
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15
Q

Chromosomes

A
  • Contain DNA
  • Tells the living things what to do
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16
Q

What is a Ribosome?

A
  • Makes Proteins.
  • Made of 2 subunits.
  • Helps construct polypeptides (proteins) (chain of amino acids).
  • Can be membrane bound –> Make proteins to be exported out of cell.
  • Cluster of ribosomes = Polyribosomes.

Looks:
- Floating free in cytosol OR attached to rough ER.
- Produced in nucleolus.

17
Q

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Membrane Bound tubes that connected to the nuclear membrane.

18
Q

What is Rough ER

A

Transports proteins via vesicle.

19
Q

What is Smooth ER

A

Transport other products to diff locations via vesicles.

20
Q

Golgi (Apparatus) Bodies:

A
  • Protein “Packaging Plant”
  • Receives n modifies n stores via vesicle.

Looks: Stack of flatted membrane bound sacs.

21
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • “Powerhouse of the cell”
  • Make energy for the cell
  • Has its own DNA and makes its self proteins.
  • Replicated its self on its own demand.
  • Provides the cell by energy by breaking down carbohydrates.
22
Q

Lysosome

A
  • “Digestive Plant”
  • Sac containing digestive enzymes.
  • Used to break down macromolecules and worn out cell components –> materials R recycled.
23
Q

Peroxisome

A
  • Sac containing enzymes
  • Breaks down fats, lipids, waste products to less harmful substances.
24
Q

Vacuole

A

“Storage container” 4 water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments etc…
- Can store water n dissolved substances.

25
Q

CytoSkeleton

A
  • Network of fibers that crisscross though the cytoplasm.
  • Help support/ maintain the shape of the cell.
  • Provides “rails” for the organelles to move along.
26
Q

The 3 cytoskeleton looks (tubes)

A

Microtubules –> Thick, hollow tubes.
Microfilaments –> Long thin, web like tubes.
Intermediate Fibers –> Tubes with medium thickness.

27
Q

Cilia

A
  • Used for movement.
  • Short microtubules.
28
Q

Flagella

A
  • Used for movement.
  • Long microtubules.
29
Q

Centrosome (centrioles)

A
  • Involved with the cell division of chromosomes.
  • Made of microtubules.
30
Q

Cell wall (Plant)

A
  • Composed of cellulose fibers.
    –> Add strength + rigidity.
  • Rigid, protective barrier.
  • Helps cell maintain its shape.
  • Found in plant and bacteria cells.
  • Gaps called, “plasmodesmata” allow movement of substances between neighboring plant cells.

Looks:
- Located outside of cell membrane.
- Made of cellulose (fiber)

31
Q

Central vacuoles (plant)

A
  • 1 large vacuole.
  • Stores water to maintain “turgid” state.
32
Q

Plastid

A
  • Membraned bounded structure that stores starch, lipids or proteins.
  • Needs light to activate.
33
Q

Chloroplast

A
  • Contains chlorophyll (pigment) that traps energy from sun to use 4 food (photosynthesis).
  • Has its own DNA.

Looks:
- Bounded by a double membrane.
- Has its own DNA.

Photosynthesis Reaction:
Carbon dioxide + water ————> glucose + oxygen
light

34
Q

What organelles does plant and animals both have?

A
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
  4. Nuclear Membrane
  5. Chromosomes
  6. Nucleolus
  7. Ribosomes
  8. Endoplasmic Reticulum
  9. Golgi Body
  10. Mitochondria
  11. Lysosome
  12. Peroxisome
  13. Vacuole
  14. CytoSkeleton
35
Q

What organelles do plants only have?

A
  1. Cell wall
  2. Central Vacuole
  3. Plastid
  4. Chlorolpast

living things - biology unit 1 (5 decks)

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