Structural Violence

Question 1

what are the four premises to structural violence?

Answer 1

• difference in power = inequalities
• inequalities become institutionalized by elites and create oppressive conditions
• not always harsh/aggressive physical processes, but the everyday circumstances for people in oppressive environments
• more needs for resources=more risk for violence=least amount of agency

Question 2

what does the tree of rights approach consist of?

Answer 2

• provision rights
• resources
• debate/discourse
• positive rights/negative rights

Question 3

what are provision rights?

Answer 3

food, water, shelter, sanitation, health care

Question 4

what are resources?

Answer 4

people, networks (organizations), funds

Question 5

what is debate/discourse?

Answer 5

who decides? -> interpretation, interpret values through education
(duty for those to provide for those that don’t have)

Question 6

what are positive rights/negative rights?

Answer 6

positive rights: you have the freedom to…
negative rights: you have the freedom from doing…

Question 7

what are kin groups?

Answer 7

social units whose members can be identified and whose residence patterns and activities can be observed

Question 8

what are the types of kin groups?

Answer 8

• Families (impermanent, family dies when members die)
• Descent groups (permanent)
  (Nuclear families, extended families, matrifocal families (like in Olinda
  and Potosi))

Question 9

what are the three P’s of children’s rights?

Answer 9

• provision: children have the right to an adequate standard of living, health care, education, and services, and to play and recreation
• protection: children have the right to protection from abuse, neglect, exploitation and discrimination
• participation: children have the right to participate in communities and have programs and services for themselves

Question 10

what is UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)?

Answer 10

• 3 P’s
• anyone before 18 years of age

Question 11

what is the problem of structure vs agency in terms of provision rights?

Answer 11

children as breadwinners (household reliance on income contribution) creates conflict

Question 12

what are favelas?

Answer 12

settlements/houses near the larger cities in Brazil, waves of unhoused migrant workers filled the favelas, which offered affordable makeshift housing.

Question 13

child labor in olinda?

Answer 13

Many children work as domestics, tour guides, street vending, shine shoes, wash dishes (in restaurants or bars), shop assistants, garbage dumps, guias, sex clubs

Question 14

what is religion?

Answer 14

belief and practices related to the supernatural

Question 15

what are the different types of religion?

Answer 15

• animism: inanimate objects hold value
• witchcraft: contagious/imitative “magic”
• polytheism: belief in more than one god
• monotheism: belief in one god

Question 16

what is latin american catholicism?

Answer 16

• syncretism of ancient indigenous beliefs and spanish conquistadores
• blending of line between living & dead
• secular and religious rituals
• reciprocity between people and saints

Question 17

what is liberation theology?

Answer 17

• social movement in latin american catholicism since 1960’s
• economic justice, church should help the poor

Question 18

what are the four primary functions of religions?

Answer 18

• provide comfort in times of stress
• explain the unexplainable
• social control
• sense of community w/ others

Question 19

what is todos santos?

Answer 19

day of the dead

Question 20

what is social movement activism?

Answer 20

the practice of working toward the reform of institutions, behaviors, relations, and expectations in society