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BPK 306 > Sensory Receptors: Tactile, Temperature, Proprioceptive Input > Flashcards

Sensory Receptors: Tactile, Temperature, Proprioceptive Input Flashcards

1
Q

Function somatosensory system

A

Provides information to CNS about the state of the body and its contact with the environment

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2
Q

Function receptors

A

Transduce mechanical or thermal stimuli (extracellular info into intracellular response)

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3
Q

Where is a receptor potential generated

A

Distal tips of first order neuron (cell bodies in dorsal root)
Passive potential

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4
Q

Describe first order neurons

A

Unipolar
Primary neuron
Encode information as APs

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5
Q

What kind of info do APs relay

A

Info about magnitude and duration

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6
Q

Spinothalamic- Where do first order sensory neurons synapse onto second order neurons

A

Spinal cord

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7
Q

DCML- Where do first order sensory neurons synapse onto second order neurons

A

Medulla (brain stem)

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8
Q

Spinothalamic- Where do second order sensory neurons synapse onto third order neurons

A

Thalamus

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9
Q

DCML- Where do second order sensory neurons synapse onto third order neurons

A

Thalamus

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10
Q

Where do third order neurons project

A

Somatosensory cortex (S1)

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11
Q

Name the ascending somatosensory pathways

A

Dorsal column medial lemniscus DCML
Spinothalamic

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12
Q

What kind of info does dorsal column medial lemniscus propagate

A

Fine discriminatory touch
Proprioception

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13
Q

What kind of info does spinothalamic propagate

A

Pain
Temperature

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14
Q

Two Sensory fiber types for skin mechanoreceptor, thermal receptor, nociceptor

A

III- larger diameter, larger conducting velocity
IV- smaller diameter, smaller conducting velocity
- tactile info and pain, temperature, crude touch

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15
Q

Dermatome

A

Map for regions of skin sensory neuron responsible for
- specific dorsal root supplies specific cutaneous region

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16
Q

What is found in dorsal and ventral root

A

Dorsal root- contains sensory neuron (afferent)
Ventral root- contain motor neuron (efferent)

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17
Q

What is found rostral and caudal regarding nerves

A

Rostral- enters spinal tract
Caudal- afferent limb of reflex arcs

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18
Q

Proof of dermatones

A

Shingles are found in bands

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19
Q

Name sensory receptor afferents found in glabrous skin

A

Meissner corpuscles (superficial)
Merkel’s disk (superficial)
Pacinian corpuscles (deeper)
Ruffini endings (deeper)

20
Q

Name sensory receptor afferents found in hairy skin

A

Hair and nerve fibers
Free nerve endings

21
Q

State adaptability and size of receptive field for glabrous skin

A

Meissner’s corpuscles- fast, small receptive field
Pacinian corpuscles- fast, large receptive field
Merkel’s disk- slow, small receptive field
Ruffini endings- slow, large receptive field

22
Q

Describe fast receptors

A

filter steady stimuli
filter slowly changing stimuli
- selectively sensitive to changing stimuli

23
Q

DCML afferent pathway

A

First order neuron enters the spinal cord and projects to dorsal column nuclei of medulla
Second order neuron decussate (cross over) at medualla then project to thalamic nuclei
Third order neuron in thalamus and project to S1 (somatosensory cortex)

24
Q

Name other pathways that project via thalamus

A

Trigeminal- facial sensation
Spinocerebellar- muscle tone and coordination

25
Q

Regions of thalamus for 3 specific types of information

A

VPS- proprioception (DCML)
VPM and VPL- fine touch and vibration (DCML)
VPI- pain and temperature (spinothalamic)

26
Q

Monkey experiment: What did recording one cortical neuron (in S1) responding to a variety of stimuli identify

A

There is a favour stimulus for a specific projection pathway
- labeled line coding
- specific directionality preference
- feature extraction

27
Q

What is feature extraction

A

Higher order processing in S1 cortical neurons
Specific S1 neurons respond to specific stimuli - all stimuli have a favourable pathway

28
Q

What does labeled line coding prove

A

If you provide the same stimulus, you will get the same projection pathway and sent to the same S1 location

29
Q

What kind of info do III and IV sensory fibers carry

A

Tactile
- remember different tracts carry these types of info, therefore they don’t have same pathway
Pain
Temperature
Crude touch

30
Q

Spinothalamic tract pathway

A

First order neuron enter spinal cord - 2nd order decussate (cross over) - second order neuron in spinal cord - project to third order in VPI thalamus - then S1 (and other areas for emotional responses)

31
Q

Free nerve endings of nociceptors express what kinds of channels

A

Chemo, mechano, thermo sensitive ion channels - pain and temperature sensation
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels

32
Q

What do transient receptor potential ion channels produce? What kinds of things can activate the types

A

Receptor potential- passive potential can sum to make AP in afferent neuron
TRPV1- heat sensitive (heat temp, wasabi, capsaicin - chilli peppers)
TRPM8- cold sensitive (cold temp, mental)
Both are temp gated- perception of cold or hot

33
Q

Location S1

A

Immediately posterior to central sulcus in post central gyrus

34
Q

State medial to lateral for sensory homunculus and what is heavily innervated

A

Medial- genitals, feet
Hands at shoulders
Lateral- head, mouth

Big- toes, hands, lips, face

35
Q

Wilder Penfield

A

Mapped various brain regions including S1
- developed treatments for epilepsy (electrode to brain to pinpoint what region cause seizure- Montreal technique)

36
Q

What sensory fiber type carries proprioceptive information from muscle spindles and GTOs

A

Ia
Ib- GTO

II- smaller diameter, smaller conducting velocity

37
Q

Where are muscle spindles found and what is their shape

A

Found in skeletal muscle
Fusiform shaped muscle fibers
Sensory and motor axons

38
Q

Muscle spindle vs GTO lie in parallel/series with muscle

A

Muscle spindle- parallel
GTO- series

39
Q

Function muscle spindles

A

Detect changes in muscle length

40
Q

What kind of fibers do muscle spindles have

A

Nuclear bag fibers
Nuclear chain fibers

41
Q

Name type of fibers that innervate muscle spindle

A

Sensory Ia and II
Motor gamma

42
Q

What is alpha gamma co stimulation

A

Maintain sensitivity over range of fiber lengths

43
Q

GTO function

A

Monitor muscle force

44
Q

What innervates GTO

A

Ib afferents sensory

45
Q

How does GTO measure force

A

Hooke’s law
Force is proportional to stretch

BPK 306 (18 decks)

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