Week Three - Mood Disorders Flashcards
Categories of symptoms - Unipolar depression
Emotional
Motivational
Behavioural
Cognitive
Physical
3 main types of depression
MDD - recurrent episodes
Dysthymia- symptoms not as strong, persistant
Double Depression- MDD + Dysthymia
3 key states in Bipolar disorder
Depression
Mania
Hypermania
Define mixed state - Bipolar Disorder
Concurrent symptoms of mania/depression - may have psychotic features
Name the 4 subtypes of bipolar
Bipolar I (full manic + depression)
Bipolar II (depressive + hypomania)
Cyclothymia (fluctuating)
Bipolar (not specified)
Epidemiology of Bipolar
B I = 18yrs
B II= 22yrs
C = 12-14yrs
Epidemiology of Unipolar Depression
9.6% women vs 6% men
around 40% don’t respond to treatment
Genetic cause of unipolar depression
Predesposition , inheritable
DR4.2 gene
Children 3x inherit
Genetic causes of Bipolar
0.8 heritability
Multiple genes involved
May overlap
Biochemical Factors of Unipolar Depression
NT
Endocrine system - over activity of HPA axis = more cortisol
Abnormal Melatonin secretion
Biochemical Factors of Bipolar
Low serotonin = mania
Permissive theory - low serotonin = low mood
Inappropriate transfer of ion activity
Structural factors of bipolar
Smaller brain areas (PFC, ion activity in cerebellem)
Imaging studies - mood fluctuation and abnormal brain activity
Unipolar depression theories
Psychodynamic
Behavioural - rewards and punishments
Cognitive - neg attributions (hopelessness theory)
Cognitive Triad - Self / world / feature
Pharmacological treatments for mood disorders
SSRIs
SNRIs
NDRIs
MAOIs
TetCAs
Lithium Carbonate
Psychosocial interventions
CBT
MBCT
Psycoeducation
Family focused treatment
