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a-u-b-f readings eeheh > Renal Diseases > Flashcards

Renal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Nonimmunologic causes of glomerular damage include exposure to chemicals and toxins that also affect the tubules, disruption of the electrical membrane charges

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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2
Q

result from immunologic disorders throughout the body, including the kidney

A

Glomerular disorders

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3
Q

refers to a sterile, inflammatory process that affects the glomerulus and is associated with the finding of blood

A

Glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

Glomerulonephritis: (9)

A
  1. Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
  2. Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis
  3. Goodpasture Syndrome
  4. Wegener Granulomatosis
  5. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
  6. Membranous Glomerulonephritis
  7. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
  8. Chronic Glomerulonephritis
  9. Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy
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5
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome: (2)

A
  1. Minimal Change Disease
  2. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
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6
Q

Deposition of immune complexes, formed in conjunction with group A Streptococcus infection, on the glomerular membrane.

A

Acute Post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

Deposition of immune complexes from systemic immune disorders on the glomerular membrane.

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

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8
Q

Attachment of a cytotoxic antibody formed during viral respiratory infections to glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

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9
Q

Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody binds to neutrophils in vascular walls producing damage to small vessels in the lungs and glomerulus

A

Wegener granulomatosis

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10
Q

Occurs primarily in children following viral respiratory infections; a decrease in platelets disrupts vascular integrity

A

Henoch-Schönlein
purpura

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11
Q

Thickening of the glomerular membrane following IgG immune complex deposition associated with systemic disorders

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

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12
Q

Cellular proliferation affecting the capillary walls or the glomerular basement membrane, possibly immune-mediated

A

Membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

Marked decrease in renal function resulting from glomerular damage precipitated by other renal disorders

A

Chronic glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

Deposition of IgA on the glomerular membrane resulting from increased levels of serum IgA

A

IgA nephropathy

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15
Q

Disruption of the shield of negativity and damage to the tightly fitting podocyte barrier resulting in massive loss of protein and lipids

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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16
Q

Disruption of the podocytes occurring primarily in children following allergic reactions and immunizations

A

Minimal change disease

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17
Q

Disruption of podocytes in certain areas of
glomeruli associated with heroin and analgesic abuse and AIDS

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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18
Q

Genetic disorder showing lamellated and thinning glomerular basement membrane

A

Alport syndrome

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19
Q

Damage to renal tubular cells caused by ischemia or toxic agents

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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20
Q

Inherited in association with cystinosis and Hartnup disease or acquired through exposure to toxic agents

A

Fanconi Syndrome

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21
Q

Inherited defect in the production of normal uromodulin by the renal tubules and increased uric acid causing gout

A

Uromodulin-associated kidney disease

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22
Q

Inherited defect of tubular response to ADH or acquired from medications

A

Nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus

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23
Q

Inherited autosomal recessive trait. Benign disorder.

A

Renal glucosuria

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24
Q

Ascending bacterial infection of the bladder

A

Cystitis

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25
Q

Infection of the renal tubules and interstitium related to interference of urine flow to the bladder, reflux of urine from the bladder, and untreated cystitis

A

Acute pyelonephritis

26
Q

Recurrent infection of the renal tubules and interstitium caused by structural abnormalities affecting the flow of urine

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

27
Q

Allergic inflammation of the renal interstitium in response to certain medications

A

Acute interstitial
nephritis

28
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Acute Glomerulonephritis (4)

A

Macroscopic hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC casts
Granular casts

29
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

A

Macroscopic hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC casts

29
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Goodpasture Syndrome

A

Macroscopic hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC casts

30
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Wegener granulomatosis

A

Macroscopic hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC cast

31
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Henoch-Schönlein purpura

A

Macroscopic hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC casts

32
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Membranous glomerulonephritis

A

Microscopic hematuria
Proteinuria

33
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

A

Hematuria
Proteinuria

33
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Chronic glomerulonephritis

A

Hematuria
Proteinuria
Glucosuria
Cellular and granular casts
Waxy and broad casts

34
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

IgA nephropathy (early stages)

A

Macroscopic or microscopic hematuria

35
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

IgA nephropathy (late stages)

A

Hematuria
Proteinuria
Glucosuria
Cellular and granular casts
Waxy and broad casts

36
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Heavy proteinuria
Microscopic hematuria
Renal tubular cells
Oval fat bodies
Fat droplets
Fatty and waxy casts

37
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Minimal change disease

A

Heavy proteinuria
Transient hematuria
Fat droplets

38
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

A

Proteinuria
Microscopic hematuria
Macroscopic or microscopic
hematuria

39
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Alport syndrome (early stages)

(late stages)

A

Heavy proteinuria
Microscopic hematuria
Renal tubular cells
Oval fat bodies
Fat droplets
Fatty and waxy casts

Microalbuminuria

40
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Diabetic nephropathy (late stages)

A

Hematuria
Proteinuria
Glucosuria
Cellular and granular casts
Waxy and broad casts

41
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Acute tubular necrosis

A

Microscopic hematuria
Proteinuria
Renal tubular epithelial cells
Renal tubular epithelial cell casts
Hyaline, granular, waxy, broad casts

42
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Fanconi syndrome

A

Glucosuria
Possible cystine crystals

43
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (early stages)

A

Renal tubular epithelial cells

44
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Uromodulin-associated kidney disease (late stages)

A

Hematuria
Proteinuria
Glucosuria
Cellular and granular casts
Waxy and broad casts

45
Q

Primary Urinalysis Result:

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

Low specific gravity, polyuria

46
Q

Primary Urinary Result:

Renal Glucosuria

A

Glucosuria

47
Q

Pre-renal causes of acute renal failure

A

Decreased blood pressure/cardiac output
Hemorrhage
Burns
Surgery
Septicemia

48
Q

Renal cause of Acute Renal Failure

A

Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute interstitial nephritis

49
Q

Post-renal causes of acute renal failure

A

Renal calculi
Tumors

50
Q

a procedure using high-energy shock waves, can be used to break stones located in the upper urinary tract into pieces that can then be passed in the urine

A

Lithotripsy

51
Q

may form in the calyces and pelvis of the kidney, ureters, and bladder

A

Renal calculi or kidney stones

52
Q

Conditions favoring the formation of renal calculi:

A

pH
Chemical Concentration
Urinary Stasis

53
Q

This is noted in people known to form renal calculi.

A

Increased crystalluria

54
Q

Which season of the year is increased crystalluria noted in patient with renal calculi?

A

Summer

55
Q

This forms 75% of the renal calculi

A

Calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate

56
Q

Other primary constituents of renal calculi

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite)
Uric acid
Cystine

57
Q

Calculi that is frequently associated with metabolic calcium and phosphate disorders and occasionally diet

A

Calcium calculi

58
Q

Calculi that is frequently accompanied by
urinary infections involving urea-splitting bacteria

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi

59
Q

Calculi that may be associated with increased intake of foods with high purine content and with uromodulin-associated kidney disease

A

Uric acid calculi

60
Q

Calculi that is seen in conjunction with hereditary disorders of cystine metabolism

A

Cystine calculi

a-u-b-f readings eeheh (3 decks)

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