Insects Flashcards
Describe arthropods.
*jointed limbs, segmented body, exoskeleton
Insects:
-flies (diptera)
-fleas (siphonaptera)
-lice (phthiraptera)
-bed bugs (Hemiptera)
Arachnids - Acari
-ticks
-mites
Describe insects.
-adults: 3 pairs of legs
-head thorax, abdomen
-antenna
-life cycle: ELPA (egg - larva - pupa - adult)
-biological/mechanical transmission of organisms
-annoyance
-fly strike (myiasis)
>infection of fly larvae
Describe Diptera.
-adults:
>irritate animal
>feed on blood
>transmit disease
-larvae/instars:
>migrate in animal
>feed on animal
EX:
-stomoxys calcitrans ‘stable fly’
-hypoderma spp on bovine backs
-cuterebra in cats
Describe Siphonaptera.
-ELPA life cycle
-ex: Ctenocephalides eggs
Describe Phthiraptera.
-host specific
>preferred host
>site of infestation
-life cycle: ENNNA
-anoplura
>sucking lice - suck blood = cause anemia
>move slow
>head narrow than thorax
-ischnocera (mallophaga)
>chewing lice = feed on skin - pruritus - 2ndary infections
>move fast
>head wider than thorax
Describe Hemiptera.
ENNNNNA
Describe Musca domestica.
‘House fly’
-host: domestic animals & humans
-ID:
>adults 5.5-7.5mm
>sticky hairs on pads of leg s
>mouthparts fleshy & adapted to sponging
-PPP: 7-10d
-life cycle: typical muscid
>eggs laid in decaying organic substances
Describe Musca autumnalis.
‘Face fly’
-ID: similar to house fly
-life cycle: typical muscid
>eggs in feces or rotting organic material
-SOI: animal secretions & wounds
-pathogenesis:
>annoyance (feed on face secretion)
>mechanical vector of virus, bacteria, helminths, Protozoa
>biological vector of Habronema & Draschia megastoma “summer sore”
-CS:
>annoyance = interfere w grazing & drop in performance
>eye disorders or conjunctivitis
Describe Stomoxys calcitrans.
‘Stable fly, biting house fly’
-host: animals & humans
-ID:
>5.5-7.5mm
>rigid mouthpart, conspicuous & forward
-life cycle:
>feed on blood
>require 3 min to finish blood meal
>females lay egg on decaying matter (ex. Damp hay)
-SOI: general
-pathogenesis: attack animals, transmit disease
-CS: increased head & ear movement, skin twitch, tail swish
Describe Musca spp & Stomoxys calcitrans.
-diagnosis via fly ID
-treatment:
>screen
>sanitation (reduce breeding sites)
>dont treat compost
Describe Haematobia irritans.
‘Horn fly’
-host: cattle
-ID:
>4mm
>small bloodsucking muscid
>distinguish from stable fly bc 1/2 size & shorter proboscis
-life cycle:
>on host except when female lay egg in fresh feces
>overwinter (diapause, pupa)
-SOI:
>back
>abdomen
>around horns
-CS:
>feed in thousands
>irritation
>impair milk production & weight gain
>transmit helminths
>200+ flies economic loss
-treatment/prevention:
>insecticide on host
>insecticide resistance
SUMMARY!
Describe Culicoides spp.
‘Biting midges, no-see-ums’
only females take blood meals
-host: domestic animals & humans
-ID:
>1.5-5 mm
>mottled wing, short proboscis, antenna long
-SOI: general
-pathogenesis:
>annoyance
>transmit protozoa, helminths (onchocerca), virus
-CS:
>pain
>allergic reaction in horses
-treatment/prevention:
>decrease standing water
>avoid marshy pasture
>treat horse w repellents, insecticides
Describe Tabanus spp.
‘Horse fly’
-hosts: lg animals, sm mammals, birds
-ID:
>10-25mm
>mouthparts slashing & sponging
CS:
-painful bites
-mechanical vectors
-annoyance
Treatment/prevention:
-cant control breeding sites bc diffuse & difficult to detect
-control in housing & on animals via repellents/insecticides
Describe Chrysops spp.
‘Deer fly’
-ID:
>dark band across wings
>elongated antennae
>bite horses in shade (horse stand in sun to avoid)
all other aspects like Tabanus spp
Describe Melophagus ovinus.
-host: sheep
-ID:
>dorsoventral flat, hairy, wingless Dipteran
>blood sucking mouthpart
-SOI: wool
-life cycle:
>female make one egg that hatches in her body
>3rd in star adheres to fleece & immobile instars pupate (3-4mm)
>adults emerge in 3wk in summer, longer in winter
Describe Culicidae.
‘Mosquito’
-ID:
>pair of wings
>long thin legs
>long proboscis
>long antennae
-CS: transmit disease
SUMMARY!
Describe Cuterebra spp.
‘Rodent/rabbit bot fly, New World skin bot flies’
-host: rodents, rabbits, squirrels, chipmunks, mice, dogs, cats
zoonotic
-ID:
>3rd instar & season (spring/summer)
>adults = 20-30 mm vestigial mouthpart
>3rd instar = dark brown w black spines
-SOI:
>SQ tissue
>nasal/oral to brain
-CS:
-fibrotic cyst from instar in SQ tissue
>instar in brain of cat = infarction
>lump in neck
>wet fur
>hole drips fluid
>type 1 hypersensitivity
>wound heals slow
-Treatment/prevent:
-instar removed whole
-remedies not approved
Describe Hypoderma spp.
Adults = ‘Warble fly, heel fly, ox warble’
Larvae = ‘Cattle grub’
-host: cattle
-ID: typical oestrid
-life cycle:
>H. Lineatum = eggs laid in lines of 6+ on lower limb
—adults active in early summer
>H. Bovis = eggs laid singly
—adults active in late summer
-overwinter as 1st instar: dont treat at this stage
>H. Lineatum = in esophagus
>H. Bovis = in epidural fat of spinal cord
-SOI: 3rd instar in warbles (lumps) on back of cattle in spring
-CS:
>3rd instar under skin causes damage & downgrade carcass = economic loss
>H. Lineatum death = bloat, faulty regurgitation
>H. Bovis toxin = paraplegia
-treatment/prevention:
>MCLs kill early stage
>treat during late summer/early fall (before winter - not during!)
Describe the suborder Anoplura.
-blood sucking lice (more pathogenic)
-pointed nose (head smaller than thorax)
-3-5mm
-dark blue
-slow moving
-clasp hair shaft
-lice of mammals
Describe linognathus setosus.
‘Dog sucking louse’
-host: dog
-ID: 3-5mm, head sm than thorax, sucking mouth
-LC: similar to Trichodectes canis *entire life on host (ENNNA)
-SOI: skin
-CS:
>heavy infestation = anemia
>loss of body condition & damage to skin
-diagnosis: louse ID
-treatment: MCL
-prevention: avoid brush, comb, blanket
Describe Linognathus vituli.
‘Long nosed cattle louse’
-host: cattle
-LC: gregarious & forms dense isolated clusters
-SOI: dewlap, head, neck
-ID: anopluran, size, location
-CS:
>heavy infestation = pruritus, anemia, weakness
>malnutrition or chronic disease
-treatment: MCL, ectoparasiticide
Describe linognathus pedalis & linognathus ovillus.
-host: sheep
-ID: 5mm, slow moving, blood sucking mouth, tan/blue/black
-SOI:
>L. Pedalis = lower region of hind limbs, scrotum, belly
>L. Ovillus = face, ears, cheeks, neck, body of heavy wool breeds
-CS: anemia
-diagnosis: louse ID
-treatment: several remedies
Describe Solenopotes capillatus.
‘Little blue cattle louse’
-host: cattle
-predilection site: neck, head, shoulders, dewlap, back & tail
-ID: blue, 1mm, smallest Anopluran louse on cattle
-diagnosis: louse ID
Describe Haematopinus eurysternus.
‘Short nosed cattle louse’
-host: cattle
-ID: anopluran, largest louse genus of domestic mammals
-LC: gregarious
-SOI: head, ear, eye, nostril
-CS: anemia, weight loss
-diagnosis: ID louse
-treatment: MCL, ectoparasiticides
Describe Ctenocephalides felis.
-host: dog & cat
-ID:
>egg = 0.5mm oval, white
>larvae = 5mm wormlike
>pupa = 5mm color variation
>adult = 3mm dark brown, wingless, on host
preemerged adults can remain in cocoon for 30wk
-SOI: skin, back, abdomen, inner thigh
-CS: flea bite allergy or flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) vectors
-diagnosis: fleas, flea feces, blood on host/bed
-treatment: break life cycle (insecticides/vacuum [doesnt treat all stages] for environment & revolution for animal)
-prevention:
>cut lawn & rake
>fogger, dust powders, sprays
Describe Ctenocephalides canis.
‘Dog flea’
-host: dog, cat, rabbit, rat, fox, human zoonotic
SIMILAR TO C FELIS
Describe Echidnophaga spp.
‘Sticktight flea’
-host: domestic & wild fowl
-ID: adult flea 1mm brown w distinctive blunt head
-SOI: head, comb, wattles, eyes
-CS: irritation, blood loss, anemia
-diagnosis: ID flea
Describe Cimex spp.
‘Bed bud’
-host: nesting birds, bats, humans zoonotic
-ID: beak like mouth, piercing & bloodsucking
-LC: Eggs -> Nymph x5 -> adults
>hide in crevice at day & feed on host at night
>survive 5 mo without blood meal
-SOI: skin
-CS: bloodsuck, allergic reaction to bite, infestation lead to blood loss
-diagnosis: ID of bug
