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Cancer > Cancer Surgery > Flashcards

Cancer Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is extirpative surgery? [1]

A

involves the removal of diseased tissue or organs

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2
Q

Cancer surgery types

Whats the purpose of:

Diagnostic surgery [1]
Staging surgery? [1]
Treatment surgery? [1]

A
  1. Diagnosis – biopsy
  2. Staging – eg Laparoscopy – Diagnosis/ planning of
    treatment
  3. Treatment - for cure of primary
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3
Q

Cancer surgery types

Whats the purpose of:

Reconstruction surgery [1]
Palliation surgery? [1]
Resection surgery? [1]

A
  1. Reconstruction - for example, breast reconstruction after a mastectomy
  2. Palliation and tumour debulking
  3. Resection for cure of metastasis and local recurrence
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4
Q

What are the different types of biopsy? [6]

A
  1. Transcutaneous
  2. Endoscopic Biopsy
  3. Laparoscopic Biopsy
  4. Image-directed (with fine-needle aspiration or
    cutting needle)
    –Ultrasonography
    –Computerized tomography
    –Magnetic resonance imaging
  5. Open incisional ( portion of the tumor)
  6. Open excisional (all tumor mass removed)
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5
Q

What are the 5 types of surgical treatment? [5]

A
  1. Local resection
  2. Radical resection with en-bloc resection of
    lymph nodes
  3. Supra-radical resections = LN+Organs
  4. Surgery for metastasis/recurrence
  5. Surgical management of complications
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6
Q

Name a classification type for bowel cancer [1]

A

Dukes Classification

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7
Q

Curative Resection

The complete removal of tumour is termed []

A

The complete removal of tumour is termed R0

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8
Q

Define curative resection [1]

A

0 involves removal of all the tissue containing the
tumour with a margin of intact unaffected tissue

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9
Q

Why may curative resection not be successful? [3]

A

– Invasion of a vital, unresectable structure (e.g. SMA)
– Undetectable micrometastasis in distal organ
– Distal metastasis which cannot be safely removed

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10
Q

When is radical surgery utilised as treatment? [1]

What tissue is removed? [2]

A

When area/organ-confined & it is likely that all of the tumour can be removed with clear margins.

Lymph Nodes which drain the affected area are sometimes removed along with the primary tumour

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11
Q

Define Curative Resection [1]

A
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12
Q

What are the 3 categories of surgery? [3]

A

1. Open Surgery
2. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)
 Hand Assisted (MIS)
 Laparoscopic Surgery
 Robot Assisted Surgery
 Surgery thru natural orifice (NOTES)
3. Image Guided Surgery

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13
Q

What are the 4 types of minimally invasive surgery? [4]

A

2. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)
 Hand Assisted (MIS)
 Laparoscopic Surgery
 Robot Assisted Surgery
 Surgery thru natural orifice (NOTES)

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14
Q

What are the 3 classifications for complications for surgery? [3]

A

Anaesthetic
* General
* Specific: Immediate/short/long term

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15
Q

Name 7 types of AEs that arise from anaesthesia for surgery? [7]

A

1. Local trauma– teeth, throat from intubation
2. Drug related – reaction/allergy
3. Aspiration of oesophageal/gastric contents
4. Anaesthetic line complication
– Arterial line
– bleeding
– Central venous line complication
– Epidural catheter complication
5. Lung injury from high pressure ventilation
6. Iontropes
7. Electrolyte imbalance

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16
Q

What is this type of surgery?

 Hand Assisted (MIS)
 Laparoscopic Surgery
 Robot Assisted Surgery
 Surgery thru natural orifice (NOTES)

A

What is this type of surgery?

 Hand Assisted (MIS)
 Laparoscopic Surgery
 Robot Assisted Surgery
 Surgery thru natural orifice (NOTES)

17
Q

Laparoscopic vs Robotic surgery?

A
18
Q

Define palliative surgery [1]

Name some examples

A

‘surgery performed for relief of symptoms caused by advanced cancer not amenable for cure’

  1. Adequate control of pain
  2. Relief gastrointestinal and biliary obstruction
  3. Stop haemorrhage
  4. Supplement poor nutrition
  5. Airway obstruction
  6. Renal failure
  7. Rectal or urinary incontinence
19
Q

Which types of urological cancer are now treted robotically? [4]

A
  • Prostate cancer – robotic prostatectomy
  • Bladder cancer – robotic cystectomy with
    urinary diversion
  • Renal cancer – robotic partial nephrectomy
  • Testis cancer - robotic retroperitoneal lymph
    node dissection
20
Q

Which types of urological cancer are now treted robotically? [4]

A

Prostate cancer – robotic prostatectomy
* Bladder cancer – robotic cystectomy with
urinary diversion
* Renal cancer – robotic partial nephrectomy
* Testis cancer - robotic retroperitoneal lymph
node dissection

21
Q

Name two potential future cancer surgery treatments

A
  • Pre-emptive surgery in at risk populations (e.g. BRCA)
  • Tissue and function-preserving improvements
22
Q

Future potential cancer treatments

What are 4 types of tissue and function-preserving improvements surgery that may be possible in the future? [4]

A
  1. Ablative, minimally-invasive, image guided surgery
  2. Tissue-engineered, implantable “spare parts”
  3. Implantable monitors
  4. Treatment sensitizers

Cancer (11 decks)

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