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Chemistry > 9 - Tests for Cations & Anions > Flashcards

9 - Tests for Cations & Anions Flashcards

1
Q

What colour flame does a Lithium ion give?

A

Crimson / Red

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2
Q

What colour flame does a Sodium ion give?

A

Yellow

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3
Q

What colour flame does a Potassium ion give?

A

Lilac

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4
Q

What colour flame does a Calcium ion give?

A

Orange-Red

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5
Q

What colour flame does a Copper ion give?

A

Blue-Green

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6
Q

How do you carry out a flame test?

A
  1. Clean a nichrome wire loop in hydrochloric acid & rinse in distilled water
  2. Dip wire loop into sample of the metal compound & put wire into hottest bunsen burner flame
  3. Record the colour of the flame
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7
Q

How can you use NaOH to test for metal ions?

A
  1. Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide to a solution of mystery compound
  2. If a hydroxide precipitate forms, you can use the colour to tell what metal ion was in the compound
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8
Q

What colour precipitate is Aluminium?

A

White - then redissolves in excess NaOH to form colourless solution

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9
Q

What colour precipitate is Calcium?

A

White

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10
Q

What colour precipitate is Copper(II)?

A

Blue

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11
Q

What colour precipitate is Iron(II)?

A

Green

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12
Q

What colour precipitate is Iron(III)?

A

Brown

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13
Q

How do you work out if a solution contains Ammonium ions (NH₄⁺)?

A

Add Sodium Hydroxide solution to unknown solution & gently heat
If ammonia gas is given off, ammonium ions are present

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14
Q

How do you test for Ammonia Gas?

A

Hold damp litmus paper over it, it will turn blue if ammonia gas (also has a strong smell, however ammonia is toxic at high concs)

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15
Q

How do you test for Halide Ions with Silver Nitrate Solution?

A

Add dilute nitric acid followed by a few drops of AgNO3

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16
Q

Why is nitric acid added when testing for Halide Ions?

A

Nitric acid is added to get rid of carbonate ions (which can also form a white precipitate) so the results aren’t confusing

17
Q

What colour precipitate do Chloride ions form when silver nitrate is added?

A

White of Silver Chloride

18
Q

What colour precipitate do Bromide ions form when silver nitrate is added?

A

Cream of Silver Bromide

19
Q

What colour precipitate do Iodide ions form when silver nitrate is added?

A

Yellow of Silver Iodide

20
Q

How do you test for Carbonate Ions (CO₃²⁻)?

A

Add Dilute Acid to solution
If carbonate ions present, effervescence as carbon dioxide is produced
(Can check if gas is CO2 by bubbling through limewater - it’ll turn milky)

21
Q

How do you test for Sulfate Ions (SO₄²-)?

A

Add Dilute Hydrochloric Acid to sample - stops any precipitation reactions not involving sulfate ions happening
Add Barium Chloride Solution - white precipitate of it will form if SO₄²- present

Chemistry (32 decks)

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