Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 201 > Lec 3 External preparations > Flashcards

Lec 3 External preparations Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ointment?

A

Oily vehicles with surgactant so can be washed off easily

- Used as emollients (soften tissues), for drug delivery to the surface or deeper penetration into skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are creams?

A
  • Usually oil in water emulsions (oily creams are water in oil emulsions)
  • Less greasy than ointments used for drug delivery onto or into skin
  • High water content so require preservative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are pastes?

A
  • High concentration of added solids
  • Makes them thick and localises drug delivery
    Eg. Sun block
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are gels?

A
  • Aqueous gels for lubrication or drug application to the skin
  • Oily gets used for occulsion (excludes air, retains moisture, heat, body fluids and medicaments)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Application (definition, example, label)

A
  • a liquid or semi-solid preparation for external use
    Eg. Benzyl benzoate application
  • for external use only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ear drops (definition, example, label)

A
  • solution of medicament in water, glucerol, propylene glycol or diluted ethanol
    Eg. Sodium bicarbonate ear drops
  • Caution: Not to be taken
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gel (definition, example, label)

A
  • water-miscible, viscous preparations for application
    Eg. Chlorhexidine gel
  • For external use only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lotion (definition, example, label)

A
  • liquid preps for application to skin without friction
    Eg. Calamine lotion
  • For external use only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paint (definition, example, label)

A
  • Liquid prep for application in limited amounts to skin or mucous surface
    Eg. Salicyclic acid paint
  • For external use only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Liniment (definition, example, label)

A
  • Liquid or semi-liquid prep for external application containing analgesic, rubefacient, soothing or stimulating properties
    Eg. Methyl salicylate compound liniment
  • For external use only, do not apply to broken skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Paste (definition, example, label)

A
  • Solid external prep with protective properties
    Eg. Zinc paste
  • For external use only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Shampoo (definition, example, label)

A
  • Liquid or soapy solution for scalp or body
    Eg. Nizoral shampoo
  • Not to be taken. External use only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Suppository (definition, example, label)

A
  • Solid unit dose shaped for rectal administration with medicament for local or systemic effect
    Eg. Paracetamol suppository
  • For rectal use only, unwrap before use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Creams (definition, example, label)

A
  • Semi-solid prep, usually emulsions for application to skin
    Eg. Aqueous Cream
  • For external use only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nose drops (definition, example, label)

A
  • Liquid preparation for use in nasal possages
    Eg. Otrivine
  • Caution: not to be taken
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ointments (definition, example, label)

A
  • Semi-solid preparations used as emollients, protective preparations or to provide medicatment to skin
    Eg. Emulsifying Ointment
  • For external use only
17
Q

Where do medication on skin pass?

A
  • Stratum corneum, hair follicles, sweat glands
  • Lipid soluble -> lipid regions
  • Water soluble -> enter blood capillaries
  • Absorption occurs-> may cause toxicity
18
Q

How does skin treatment work?

A

By drugs or by creating physiological changes

  • normal skin 10-25% moisture
  • evaporation = cooling (for inflammation)
19
Q

What is it called when there is a lack of moisture on skin and what product is used?

A

Eczema

  • Use occlusive, oily product as emollient
  • Oitment to hydrate and soften the skin
20
Q

What is it called when there is too much moisture on skin and what product is used?

A

Athlete’s foot

- Use astringent, non oily medicated cream

21
Q

Name 3 water-miscible vehicles

A
  1. Water
  2. Alcohol (industrial denatured alcohol)
  3. Macrogols (liq/semi-solid to waxy solids)
22
Q

Name 3 oily vehicles

A
  1. Minteral oils (paraffins) - soft paraffin
  2. Vegatable oils- castor, oil, peanut and coconut oils. Occlusive, skin penetration, may cause allergic reactions
  3. Synthetic oils water repellant and occlusive
23
Q

Name 3 emulsifying agents and describe

A
  1. Oil in water: emulsifying waxes, mix with oily materials, add water to form a cream, easily washed off skin
  2. Water in oil- wool fat, wool alcohol, beeswax, increase water holding capacity of greasy bases

Other
Water in oil emulsions: calcium soaps
Oil in water emulsions: soft soap
Water in oil emulsions: synthetic low HLB
Oil in water emulsion: synthetic high HLB

24
Q

What are suspending agents used for?

A

For suspending solids in a lotion or to produce gels

25
Q

What are clays (suspending agent)?

A
  • bentonite

- leave a lubricant layer of powder on skin

26
Q

What are gelling agents? (suspending agent)

A
  • give a range of consistency

- tragacanth, methylcellulose, alginates for aqueous gels, cetostearyl alcohol and beeswax for oils

27
Q

What are wetting agents?

A

For hydrophobic solids

Eg. Tinct of quillaia

28
Q

What are humectants?

A

Reduce the rate of water loss from a cream and gel

Eg. propylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, syrup

29
Q

What are solids for?

A
  • added to semi-solic occlusive bases to reduce occlusiveness
    Eg. Zinc oxide, talc, starch
30
Q

What does dusting powders mean?

A
  • Mix in motal with pestle using doubling up technique

- may need to sieve

31
Q

What are liquid preparations used to make?

A

Solutions, suspensions and emulsions

32
Q

What are ways of semi-solid preparation?

A
  1. Mixing by fusion

2. Mixing by trituration

33
Q

Describe Mixing by fusion and how it is done

A
  • Many oily materials are solid at room temperature (waxes)
  • Mix by melting ingredients in evaporating dish in water bath (60-70 degrees)
  • Waxy solids grated first and melted first
  • When melted, remove heat, stir gently to avoid air bubbles until cold
  • Medicament added at different stages according to solubility and stability
  • Recovery of all the product may not be possible (prep 10% excess)
34
Q

What are ointments?

A

Semi-solid preparations which may contain a medicament or mixture of medicaments dissolved or dispersed in a suitable greasy base

Used as:

  1. Emollients
  2. Protective preparations on the skin
  3. Local application of medicaments
35
Q

What kind of creams are there?

A
  1. Aqueous cream: water miscible
    - > effectively deliver medicaments to body surface
  2. Oily creams: oil miscible
    - > protective and emollient cream
  3. Surface active agents: Cationic (+ve), anionic (-ve) and non ionic
36
Q

What are the steps of compounding creams by fusion?

A
  1. Water bath- heat waxes and oils separately to the water and dissolve watersoluble ingredients (60-70 degrees)
  2. Insoluble ingredients: incorporate on glass slab by trituration
  3. Grate waxes if necessary. Add oils last
  4. Add water to oil at same temperature
  5. Cool slowly with stirring to avoid lumps
37
Q

What are the features of aqueous cream?

A

Light emollient used to soothe, smooth and hydrate the skin and are indicated for all dry or scaling disorders

  • need to be applied frequently
  • aq cream can be used as a soap substitute
38
Q

What does menthol do in cream?

A
  • soothes and cools skin
  • dilates blood vessels, causing a sensation of coldness followed by an analgesic effect
  • > relieves itching and is used in creams, lotions, or ointments in pruritus and urticaria

Pharm 201 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions