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REVIEWER PO > SKIN > Flashcards

SKIN Flashcards

1
Q

arises from free nerve endings (nonmyelinated

A
  • Itching - Pruritus
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2
Q

Severe Itching

A

Pruritus

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3
Q

o Like itching, may be localized or generalized acute or chronic, and caused by an obvious dermatologic problem or an underlying systemic problem.

A

RASHES

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4
Q

Temperature fluctuations

A

Cold Urticaria

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5
Q

Air humidity

A

o Warm Weather Skin Rash

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6
Q

Exposure to contaminants

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

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7
Q

The most common types are caused by vascular disease or pressure or by diabetes.

A

Non - healing sore or chronic ulceration

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8
Q

▪ Decrease in color of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the body. Best observed around fingernails, lips, palpebral conjunctiva, and oral mucosa; likewise, on the palms of hands and soles of feet

A

PALLOR

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9
Q

▪ Bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen or poor tissue perfusion ▪ best observed on the lips and nail beds

A

Cyanosis

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10
Q

Cause by diseases of heart and lungs. Bluish discoloration of tongue and linings of the mouth.

A

CENTRAL CYANOSIS

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11
Q

Results from decreased peripheral circulation. Seen at the arms and legs.

A

PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS

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12
Q

Also known as icterus; a yellowish appearance of the skin, sclera, mucous membranes, and excretions related to hepatobiliary disorders or hemolytic diseases.

A

Jaundice

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13
Q

Redness of the skin due to congestion of the capillaries

A

Erythema

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14
Q

BIRTHMARKS

A

Hyperpigmentation

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15
Q

Destruction of melanocytes in the area.
Hypopigmentation

A

VITILIGO

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16
Q

Complete or partial lack of melanin.
Hypopigmentation

A

ALBINISM

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17
Q

Odors from excessive sweating

A

(hyperhydrosis)

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18
Q

Possible thyrotoxicosis

A

excess thyroid hormone)

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19
Q

Odors from night sweats

A

Possible tuberculosis

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20
Q

Urine odor

A

Incontinence problem

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21
Q

▪ Initial alteration in the skin
▪ abscess, ulcer, tumor, and open wound

A

Primary skin lesions

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22
Q

▪ Arises from a change in a primary lesion
▪ crusts, kelloids, scars

A

Secondary skin lesions

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23
Q

The ABCDE of Lesions

A

▪ Assymetry
▪ Border Irregularity
▪ Color Variations
▪ Diameter
▪ Elevation

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24
Q

Small, flat, nonpalpable skin color change (skin color may be brown, white, tan, purple, red).

A

Macule and Patch

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25
Q
  • The collection of small blood vessels
A

Cherry Angioma (Macule)

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26
Q

small brown patches on the skin typically on elderly people

A

Lentigines (Macule)

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27
Q
  • tiny circular bleeding under the skin
A

▪ Petechiae (Macule)

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28
Q

bright red rash that covers most of the body, bacterial illness that develops in people with strep throat

A

Scarlet fever (Macule)

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29
Q
  • mask of pregnancy
A

Chloasma (PATCH)

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30
Q
  • congenital dermal melanocytosis. flat and blue-gray
  • typically appear on the buttocks or lower back, but may also be found on the arms or legs
A

Mongolian spot (PATCH)

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31
Q
  • discoloration of the human skin caused by a vascular anomaly
  • a capillary malformation in the skin
A

Port-wine stain (PATCH)

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32
Q

*A long-term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment

A

▪ Vitiligo (PATCH)

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33
Q

▪ Elevated Nevi
▪ benign (noncancerous) moles, also known as dysplastic nevi
▪ Warts
▪ growths on skin caused by an infection with humanpapilloma virus, or HPV

A

Papules

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34
Q

▪ Actinic Keratosis
▪ crusty, scaly growth caused by damage from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation
▪ Psoriasis

A

Plaque

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35
Q

o Elevated mass with transient borders that is often irregular. Size and color vary. Collection of edema fluid into the dermis. Raised, superficial, and temporary.

A

Wheal

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36
Q
  • outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps or plaques on the skin that appear suddenly
  • either as a result of the body’s reaction to certain allergens, or for unknown reasons
A

HIVES (wheals)

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37
Q
  • lump of fatty tissue between your skin and the underlying muscle
  • it feels rubbery, and you may be able to move it around a bit
  • usually painless, harmless, and not cancerous
A

Lipoma (NODULES)

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38
Q
  • the second most common form of skin cancer
  • usually found on areas of the body damaged by UV rays from the sun or tanning beds
A

Squamous cell carcinoma (NODULES)

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39
Q
  • superficial benign fibrous histiocytoma
  • a common cutaneous nodule of unknown etiology that occurs more often in women
  • frequently develops on the extremities (mostly the lower legs) and is usually asymptomatic, although pruritus and tenderness can be present
A

Dermatofibroma (NODULES)

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40
Q

o Encapsulated fluid-filled or semisolid mass that is located in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis o 1 cm or larger elevated o Palpable, solid with depth into dermis

A

Cyst

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41
Q

o Palpable, fluid filled

A

o Palpable, fluid filled

42
Q
  • set of viruses that produce viral infections in the majority of humans
  • can be spread when an infected person begins shedding the virus
A

Herpes simplex (VESICLES)

43
Q
  • also called chickenpox
  • a very contagious viral disease
  • usually mild, but it can be serious in infants under 12 months of age, adolescents, adults, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems
A

Varicella (VESICLES)

44
Q
  • caused by an allergic reaction to an oily resin called urushiol (u-ROOshe-ol)
  • this oil is in the leaves, stems and roots of poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac
A

Poison ivy rash (VESICLES)

45
Q
  • partial thickness burns
  • affect the epidermis and the dermis (lower layer of skin)
A

Second-degree burns (VESICLES)

46
Q
  • rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucus membranes
A

Pemphigus (BULLA)

47
Q
  • red, itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic reaction to it, not contagious but very uncomfortable
A

Contact dermatitis (BULLA)

48
Q

caused by burns

A

▪ Large burn blisters (BULLA)

49
Q

caused by bacterial infection

A

Bullous impetigo (BULLA)

50
Q

o Thickening and scaling with increased skin markings,

A
  • Lichenification
51
Q

Eczema

A
  • Lichenification
52
Q

o Shedding of dead skin cells
o Can be either dry or oily
o Flaking of the skin surface
o Maybe adherent or loose o Variable in color

A

Scales

53
Q

Psoriasis

A

Scales

54
Q

o Dried exudates, dried serum, blood or pus on the surface of the skin,

A

Crust

55
Q

Impetigo

A

Crust

56
Q

o Skin mark left after healing of wound or lesion that represents replacement by connective tissue of the injured tissue o Young scars are red or purple, whereas mature scars are white or glistening

A

Scar

57
Q

o Hypertrophic scarring because of excess collagen formation

A

Keloid

58
Q

o Raised and irregular

A

Keloid

59
Q

o Abrasion or other loss that does not extend beyond the superficial epidermis o Loss of outer skin layers from scratching or rubbing

A

Excoriations

60
Q

o Ex. Scabies

A

Excoriations

61
Q

o Loss of superficial epidermis that does not extend to the dermis

A

Erosions

62
Q

o Ex. Dermatophyte

A

Erosions

63
Q

o Skin loss extending past epidermis, with necrotic tissue loss.
o Bleeding and scarring are possible

A

Ulcers

64
Q

o Ex. Stasis ulcer

A

Ulcers

65
Q

o Thinning of skin with transparent appearance

A

Atrophy

66
Q

o Ex.Thinning of skin due to aging

A

Atrophy

67
Q

Lesions are associated with bleeding, aging, circulatory conditions, diabetes, pregnancy, and hepatic disease, among other problems

A

Vascular Lesions

68
Q

▪ Round or irregular macular lesion that is larger than petechial lesion
▪ The color varies and changes: black, yellow, and green hues
▪ It is secondary to blood extravasation and associated with trauma, injury and bleeding tendencies

A

Ecchymosis

69
Q

▪ Secondary to blood extravasation
▪ Caused by steroids, vasculitis, systemic diseases
▪ Associated with bleeding tendencies or emboli to skin ▪ Round red or purple macule that is 1–2 mm in size

A

Petechia

70
Q

▪ Papular and round, red or purple lesion found on the trunk or extremities
▪ It may blanch with pressure
▪ It is a normal age – related skin alteration and usually not clinically significant

A

Cherry Angioma

71
Q

▪ Red arteriole lesion with a central body with radiating branches
▪ Associated with liver disease, pregnancy, and vitamin B deficiency
▪ Usually noted on the face, neck, arms, and trunk, rare below the waist
▪ Compression of the center of the arteriole completely blanches the lesion

A

Spider Angioma

72
Q

▪ It does not blanch when pressure is applied
▪ It is secondary to superficial dilation of venous vessels and capillaries
▪ Associated with increased venous pressure states (varicosities)
▪ Bluish or red lesion with varying shape

A

Telangiectasis

73
Q

▪ A localized collection of blood creating an elevated ecchymosis
▪ It is associated with trauma

A

Hematoma

74
Q

▪ Red color
▪ Irregular-shaped macular patch
▪ Strawberry marks

A

Capillary Hemangioma

75
Q

Red color
▪ Seen with dilation of dermal capillaries

A

o Port - wine stain

76
Q

o Caused by sebaceous gland overactivity with plugging of hair follicles and retention of sebum, resulting in papules, and pustules

o Onset is typically at puberty, but acne may last into advanced age

o Greater incidence in males

o Caused by Propioni Bacterium Acne

o Most common on face, back, and shoulders

o Lesions may be sore and painfulo Aggravated by emotional distress, greasy topical applications (cosmetics), and certain medications (oral contraceptives, isoniazide, rifampin, lithium, phenobarbital)

A

Acne Vulgaris

77
Q

o Causes reddish, irregular, slightly raised lesions that have a rough, gritty surface
o Sign of sun-damaged skin
o Precancerous lesion, may progress to squamous cell cancer o Typically less than 1 cm in diameter
o Generally on sun-exposed areas of face, head, neck, and hands

A

Actinic Keratosis

78
Q

o Localized skin irritation, inflammation, and pruritus from contact with an irritating substance

o Can occur as an additive effect of multiple irritants (soaps, detergents, or chemicals) or allergy to a specific agent (topical to a specific agent, topical medication, plant oils, or metals)

o Secondary infections may occur at the site

o Edema may occur, with development of vesicles and bullae

o Vesicles or bullae may rupture, causing crusting

o Edema may be very significant, particularly when face or genitalia are involved

A

Contact Dermatitis

79
Q

o Causes redness, pruritus, scratching, and skin lesions in a person with a predisposition to skin irritations

o Red to red-brown, slightly scaly lesions

o Lichenification with increased skin markings common

o Exudative

o Common sites include face, neck, upper trunk, wrists, hands, and flexor surfaces (folds) of knees and elbows

o Lesions on face, neck, and upper trunk are called monk’s cowl o Itching can be quite severe

o Sites may develop secondary infection

o May be triggered by changes in temperature, emotional stress, or food allergies

A

Eczema / Atomic Dermatitis

80
Q

o A contagious disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV1 & HSV2)
o Recurrent clusters of small vesicles on erythematous base
o Sites burn and sting
o Neuralgia often occurs

A

Herpes Simplex

81
Q

o A superficial dermatitis in the skinfolds
o Caused by heat, moisture, and friction, and is most common in obese people
o Pink to reddened skin in body folds (between and beneath buttocks, beneath fatty abdominal pad, or beneath pendulous breasts)
o Areas in folds develop erythema, fissures, and denudationo Lesions may itch, burn, or sting

A

Intertrigo

82
Q

o A common, mild, acute inflammatory skin disease
o Often described as “Christmas tree” rash because of shape
o Rash may last 4 to 8 weeks
o Can be intensely pruritic
o Believed to be caused by viral infection

A

Pityriasis Rosea

83
Q

o A common dermatitis that has genetic causes and may begin at any age
o Silvery scales on bright red papules
o Scales generally thick
o Area beneath bleeds if scale is removed
o Usually occurs on extensor surfaces of knees, elbows, and scalp
o Itching may be mild or severe
o A genetic predisposition is suggested by family history

A

Psoriasis

84
Q

o A chronic disorder of unknown cause that occurs mainly on the face
o Acne component with papules, pustules, and seborrhea
o May be aggravated by alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, heat, and spicy foods, as well as by situations that promote flushing

A

Rosacea

85
Q

o A disorder of the sebaceous glands that causes an increase in the amount of sebaceous secretion

o Typical sites include scalp, face (between brows, along sides of nose, at mustache / beard areas) and on presternal, interscapular, and umbilical regions

o Itching may be present o Fissuring is possible with secondary infections

o “Super dandruff” is common term because it occurs along sites with greater hair distribution

A

Seborrhea

86
Q

o A benign skin lesion that may be pigmented
o Sharply demarcated lesions o Brown to black pigmentation
o Rough, dry surface
o Elevation o Surrounding skin generally normal
o Incidence increases with age
o Generally found on trunk, although potentially can occur anywhere

A

Seborrheic Keratosis

87
Q

o Eczema of the legs with pigmentation, edema and chronic inflammation resulting from venous insufficiency
o Stasis ulcer is associated with stasis dermatitis and develops from venous insufficiency
o Red, scaly patch often initial sign
o Site develops vesicles and crusts o Ulcer may develop as a result of trauma, edema, or infection
o Caused by poor circulation, which can be related to peripheral vascular diseases, obesity, or poor nutrition

A

Stasis Dermatitis

88
Q

o A fungal infection of the scalp
o Well-demarcated, reddened area
o Scaling, itching
o Dry, brittle hair

A

Tinea Capitis

89
Q

o a fungal skin disease occurring anywhere on the body
o Ringworm
o Ring-shaped erythematous lesions on body
o Advancing border with small vesicles
o Pruritic
o Most often on exposed surfaces

A

Tinea Corporis

90
Q

o a fungal skin disease occurring in the genital and anal areas in males
o Sharply demarcated, reddened areas
o Severe pruritus

A

Tinea Cruris

91
Q

o a fungal skin disease occurring in the genital and anal areas in males
o Sharply demarcated, reddened areas
o Severe pruritus

A

Tinea Cruris

92
Q

o A fungal skin disease occurring in the foot
o Athlete’s foot
o Exfoliating, fissuring, macerated area of erythema
o Sites itch, burn, and / or sting

A

Tinea Pedis

93
Q

o An invasive, cancerous skin tumor with strong potential for metastasis to both regional and distant sites and organs

o Commonly presents as a black or purple nodule

o Other color variations include pink, tan, brown, red, or even “normal” tones

o May also be flat or pedunculated

o Erythema may surround lesion

o May ulcerate or become friable o May be found on any location, including sun- exposed areas, palms, or soles

A

Melanoma

94
Q

o A form of skin cancer occurring mainly in the squamous cellso Pink, scaly, elevated lesions
o Base of lesions may be inflamed
o Typically on sun-exposed surfaces, including scalp, hands, lips, and ears

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

95
Q

o An epidermoid cancer, one of the most common malignant skin diseases
o Rarely metastatic
o Typically has pearly, flesh-colored or transparent “rolled” border
o Usually occurs on sun-exposed surfaces, especially the face

A

Basal cell carcinoma

96
Q

remains elevated after being pulled up (PINCHED) and released

A

Skin Turgor

97
Q

o Full-thickness loss with extensive involvement of muscle, bone, or supporting structures
o This deep ulcer may involve undermining and sinus tracts of adjacent tissues

A

Grade 4 ULCER

98
Q

o Full-thickness loss involving subcutaneous tissue
o Ulcer may extend to but not through fascia
o A deep crater that may undermine adjacent tissues

A

Grade 3 ULCER

99
Q

o Partial-thickness loss involving both epidermis and dermis
o Ulcer is still superficial and appears as a blister, abrasion or very shallow crater

A

Grade 2 ULCER

100
Q

o Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
o Indicates potential for ulceration

A

Grade 1 ULCER

REVIEWER PO (12 decks)

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