Chapter 5-Module 2

Question 1

What are sugars?

Answer 1

A type of simple carb

Question 2

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 2

sugars, starches, fiber made from plants combining carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen from carbon dioxide and water

Question 3

What are the 3 most important dietary monosaccharides?

Answer 3

Glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 4

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 4

a single sugar, the basic unit of carbs

Question 5

What is a disaccharides?

Answer 5

simple sugar made of 2 monosaccharides

Question 6

Describe lactose

Answer 6

Glucose + galactose

Question 7

Describe maltose.

Answer 7

Glucose + glucose

Question 8

Describe sucrose.

Answer 8

Glucose + fructose

Question 9

Are sweeteners any better for you?

Answer 9

They are safe by FDA and they can be useful for weight management if they contain fewer or no calories.

Question 10

What are nutritive sweeteners?

Answer 10

they add energy (calories) to food

Question 11

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 11

long carb chains aka complex carbs

Question 12

What’s the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber?

Answer 12

• Soluble water dissolves or swells in water
• Insoluble water doesn’t dissolve in water.

Question 13

Why can’t you digest fiber?

Answer 13

Our large intestine can’t break link between cellulose and glucose. The fiber serves as energy for gut bacteria.

Question 14

What are some of the effects of fiber?

Answer 14

• Insoluble-bulky poop, speeds up poop’s journey
• Soluble-delays empty stomach, lower blood cholesterol, slow glucose absorption

Question 15

How much added sugars should you consume?

Answer 15

Less than 10%

Question 16

How much carbs should you consume?

Answer 16

45-65%

Question 17

Describe carb digestion.

Answer 17

• Starch is broken down by salivary amylase
• activity of salivary amylase stops in stomach acid
• amylase in small intestine by PANCREAS breaks down starch
• carb absorbed by cells to be transported to the liver
• in LARGE INTESTINE soluble fiber used for bacteria
• carbs exits rectum

Question 18

Do carbs make you fat?

Answer 18

Not directly, but eating too many foods with glucose may result in extra fat.

Question 19

What is NAFLD?

Answer 19

fat build up in liver

Question 20

What type of lifestyle makes you more prone to type 2 diabetes?

Answer 20

inactive, overweight

Question 21

What is diabetes?

Answer 21

abnormally high blood glucose levels even at fasting state

Question 22

What’s the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Answer 22

type 1 diabetes is when your immune system doesn’t recognize your insulin cells and attack pancreas cells as a result

Question 23

How do you monitor diabetes?

Answer 23

eating specific diet, insulin pump (type 1), blood glucose monitor

Question 24

What is hypoglycemia?

Answer 24

blood glucose under 70mg

Question 25

How are carbs related to tooth decay?

Answer 25

the bacteria on your teeth use the carbs for energy and they begin to do this by releasing an acid. that acid damages enamel

Question 26

How are fiber and colorectal cancer connected?

Answer 26

diets high in fiber may prevent colorectal cancer

Question 27

How can fiber help to control weight?

Answer 27

we aren’t sure but people who eat more fiber tend to have healthier weights

Question 28

List ways to increase fiber.

Answer 28

• check ingredients, snack on fruit, eat more nuts