52 Coronaviruses

Question 1

Where do coronaviruses typically cause disease?

Answer 1

GI tract, respiratory tract, systemic

Question 2

In veterinary species, what are two important coronaviruses that can potentially become systemic?

Answer 2

Feline coronavirus and ferret systemic coronavirus

Question 3

T or F: Ferret enteric coronavirus and ferret systemic coronavirus are the same thing, just different forms of disease.

Answer 3

F–two different viruses

Question 4

What kind of genome do coronaviruses have?

Answer 4

ssRNA

Question 5

Coronaviruses are/are not enveloped

Answer 5

Are

Question 6

What anatomic part of the intestines do enteric coronavirus infections target?

Answer 6

The tip of the villi

Question 7

How are enteric coronaviruses transmitted?

Answer 7

Fecal-oral

Question 8

How are respiratory coronavirus infections spread?

Answer 8

Direct contact or aerosol

Question 9

What important coronaviruses are important in pigs?

Answer 9

-Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)
-Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)
-Porcine respiratory coronavirus

Question 10

What kind of disease does bovine coronaviruses cause?

Answer 10

Calf diarrhea and sporadic respiratory disease (component of shipping fever)

Question 11

How is bovine coronavirus shed?

Answer 11

Fecal and nasal

Question 12

What kind of disease does equine coronavirus cause?

Answer 12

Enteric disease, can cause neuro signs

Question 13

What species does infectious bronchitis virus affect?

Answer 13

Poultry

Question 14

T or F: canine enteric coronavirus causes severe clinical disease.

Answer 14

F; self limiting diarrhea

Question 15

What common canine disease is associated with canine respiratory coronavirus?

Answer 15

Kennel cough

Question 16

What does canine respiratory coronavirus do to the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 16

Destroys the mucociliary elevator in the trachea/mainstem bronchi

Question 17

What disease is ferret systemic coronavirus very similar to?

Answer 17

FIP

Question 18

T or F: Infection with feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) can lead to feline infectious peritonitis.

Answer 18

T

Question 19

What effect does feline enteric coronavirus have?

Answer 19

Targets the top of the villus of enterocytes, causing mild to inapparent enteritis

Question 20

What kind of cell does FIP infect?

Answer 20

Macrophages

Question 21

What environment has the highest occurance of FIP?

Answer 21

Indoor multicat households

Question 22

T or F: FIP causes a high viremia.

Answer 22

F; viremia is transient to undetectable

Question 23

What type of immune response is necessary to eliminate FIP viruses?

Answer 23

Strong cell mediated immunity

Question 24

Briefly describe wet FIP.

Answer 24

Result of leaky vessels (vasculitis); causes fibrinous abdominal or thoracic exudate

Question 25

Briefly describe dry FIP.

Answer 25

Pyogranulomatous lesions in the omentum, mesenteric LNs, kidney, CNS, and eye.

Question 26

What is ADEE, and why is it important in FIP?

Answer 26

Antibody-dependent disease enhancement. Antibody binds to Fc receptors, which speeds up viral uptake by macrophages

Question 27

T or F: dry FIP does not affect the CNS.

Answer 27

F; it causes meningitis and ependymitis, and ventricular dilation

Question 28

FIP effusion is (high/low) protein and (high/low) cellularity.

Answer 28

High; low

Question 29

T or F: serology can confirm FIP infection.

Answer 29

F; positive serology means exposure to ANY coronavirus