Class 4 - Well-being, Stress, & Motivation P1_Posting

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

state of mental tension resulting from adverse circumstances

Question 2

Stressors

Answer 2

Things that cause stress: high workload, exams

Question 3

Stress

Answer 3

Reactions to stressor

Question 4

Strains

Answer 4

Strains: negative outcomes, the result of unresolved stress. 3 types: physiological – tired, psychological – negative patterns: anxiety, behavioural - gambling

Question 5

Is Stress Always Bad?

Answer 5

No. SOME level of stress does HELP KEEP US ALERT, MOTIVATED, ACTIVATED TOWARDS OUR GOAL

Question 6

Demands Resources Model

Answer 6

Demand for a job - increases stress
Resources - aspects of work under employee control to resolve demands - resolve stress

Question 7

Work Stressors

Answer 7

Role ambiguity – lack of directions of what to do
Role overload – too many expectations for performance exceed what the individual can accomplish
Role conflict – fulfilling requirement of one role disable one from fulfilling requirement of another

Question 8

Burnout

Answer 8

Physical or mental collapse due to overwork/stress
Low feeling of effectiveness in work accomplished
Feeling emotionally drained

Question 9

How to deal with stress

Answer 9

• remove stressor
• withdraw from stressor
• change stress perceptions
• control stress consequences
• social support

Question 10

Performance is:

Answer 10

Motivation AND Ability
Motivation: desire and commitment
Ability: aptitude, training, resources

Question 11

Theory: boundary conditions

Answer 11

Conditions where theory does not hold

Question 12

Prosocial Motivation and the 3 levels

Answer 12

Desire to have positive impact on other people/social collectives
Global level: helping people in general
Context level: doctors helping patient. done through a job context
Situational level: most specific, one person

Question 13

McCelland’s Theory

Answer 13

NAch: drive to achieve difficult but not impossible goals, wants feedback and recognition
NPow: making others behave in a different way. personalized vs social power
NAff: desire for friends and close interpersonal relationships. wants approval and validation from others

Question 14

Motivators

Answer 14

Extrinsic - Motivation that comes from outside the person
Intrinsic - Motivation that comes from a person’s internal desire to do something

can coexist but extrinsic could be judged unfavorably

Question 15

Contemporary Theories

Answer 15

Self-Determination Theory: specific, difficult goals with feedback -> increases performance
Goal-Setting Theory
Self-Efficacy Theory: greater self-efficacy, greater persistence. increase by more experience, verbal persuasion (praise), arousal
Equity Theory:
Expectancy Theory

Question 16

Self Determination Theory

Answer 16

Cognitive evaluation theory – intro of extrinsic awards that were previously intrinsic rewarding will lessen overall motivators

Self-concordance – People’s reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values. Can then become more intrinsically motivated,

Question 17

Self-Efficacy Theory (and is enhanced by)

Answer 17

Enactive mastery, Vicarious modeling (watching other do it), verbal persuasion, arousal

Question 18

Expectancy Theory

Answer 18

motivational force = expectancy (can I do it) + instrumentality (if i do it, will i be rewarded) + valence (will reward be something i value)

Question 19

Equity Theory

Answer 19

weigh what they put into a job situation (input) against what they get from it (outcome)

through mental math

Question 20

How it works together

Answer 20

Difficult task set -> has confidence that given level of performance can be attained -> higher personal goals -> higher task performance

Question 21

Organizational Justice

Answer 21

overall perception of what is fair in the workplace
Distributive, procedural, informational, interpersonal

Question 22

Habits

Answer 22

Small decisions, actions performed every day
Good habits make things automatic, reduce the need for motivation
Assess good or bad based on the type of person you WANT to be
Identity based through repetition