Fixatives Flashcards

1
Q

When is glutaraldehyde used?

A

for Electron Microscopy

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2
Q

True or False. Glutaraldehyde needs to be diluted also since we cannot use it concentrated.

A

True

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3
Q

Percentage of glutaraldehyde used for small tissue fragments or needle biopsies.

A

2.5% solution

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4
Q

Percentage of glutaraldehyde used for large tissues less than 4mm thick.

A

4% solution

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5
Q

Type of formaldehyde fixative that preserve CNS tissue and post mortem specimens.

A

10% formol saline

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6
Q

This is a diluted form of formalin which uses NSS.

A

10% formol saline

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7
Q

Type of formaldehyde fixative for tissues with iron pigments.

A

10%NeutralBufferedformalin

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8
Q

What is the difference between 10%NeutralBufferedformalin and 10% formalin?

A

Same with 10% formalin EXCEPT that sodium phosphate is added as a buffer

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9
Q

Type of formaldehyde fixative that is used for preserving lipids and neutral phospholipids.

A

Formol corrosive (Formol sublimate)

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10
Q

Composition of Formol corrosive (Formol sublimate).

A

Formalin + Mercuric Chloride

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11
Q

Type of formaldehyde fixative, aside from 10% formalin, used for sputum specimen and for microincineration technique.

A

Alcoholic formalin (Gendres)

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12
Q

Composition of Alcoholic formalin (Gendres).

A

Ethyl alcohol + Glacial acetic acid + formalin

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13
Q

Regarded as the smallest aldehyde but rapid/fast acting.

A

Glyoxal

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14
Q

Enumerate the ALCOHOLIC FIXATIVES

A

Ethanol
Methanol
Isopropyl (IPA)
Carnoy’s
Newcomer’s

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15
Q

What are the 2 fixatives that are used to preserve brain tissue for diagnosis of rabies.

A

Acetone and carnoy`s fluid

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16
Q

Fixative and dehydrating agent for phosphatases and lipases.

A

Acetone

17
Q

True or False. Acetone must be used at ice cold temperature.

A

True

18
Q

True or False. Acetone is used In routine tissue processing.

A

False, it is not used routinely because of its disadvantages: Volatile (evaporates easily), Dissolves fat

19
Q

Considered as the most rapid fixative.

A

Carnoy’s fluid

20
Q

Type of fixative used for fixing chromosomes and lymph glands.

A

Carnoy’s fluid

21
Q

Fixative that is excellent for glycogen demonstration.

A

Picric acid fixative

22
Q

Picric acid is considered a versatile reagent because of its three uses. What are those?

A

Can be used as decalcifying agent (because it is an acid)
Can be used as a stain
Can also be used as a fixative

23
Q

One of the disadvantage of this fixative is it can impart a yellow color.

A

Picric acid fixative

24
Q

Give 3 examples of picric acid fixative.

A

Bouins fluid, Brasils, Hollande`s

25
Q

This fixative is under picric acid fixative and is used to preserve embryos, pituitary biopsies & endometrial curettings but contraindicated for kidney structures and not compatible with Feulgen’s stain.

A

Bouin’s fluid

26
Q

Fixatives for touch preparations

A

95% isopropyl alcohol

27
Q

This fixative solidifies at 17degC.

A

Glacial Acetic Acid

28
Q

At what temperature does glacial acetic acid solidify?

A

17deC

29
Q

It is a Nuclear fixative (contraindicated for cytoplasmic fixation) that is often used in combination with other fixatives to form compound fixatives.

A

Glacial Acetic Acid

30
Q

This type of fixative is for mucopolysaccharides and nuclear protein.

A

Newcomer’s Fixative

31
Q

Give the 3 fixatives that can be used for electron microscopy.

A

Osmium tetroxide, Glutaraldehyde, Paraformaldehyde

32
Q

This type of fixative can be used for myelin and peripheral nerves (neurologic structures) but is slow in action.

A

Osmium tetroxide