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mood disorders: depression exam 1 > depression II > Flashcards

depression II Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological causes/theories:

A

psychodynamic approach, maladaptive cognitive styles, interpersonal perspectives, cognitive processing in mood disorders

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2
Q

Psychological treatments/psychotherapy

A

Cognitive behavioral theory, behavioral therapies, cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, interpersonal therapy, psychodynamic psychotherapies

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3
Q

What does psychoanalytic/psychodynamic principles focus on?

A

focuses on unconscious and early childhood stressors/aversive events

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4
Q

Almost all psychodynamic principles emphasize what?

A

a fragile self esteem due to early childhood stressors and that adult depression is triggered by loss/disappointment

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5
Q

Themes of causality in depression regarding psychodynamic theory:

A
  1. depression is a result of anger turned inward because the patient has identified with the lost “object:
  2. depression is due to an overactive, dominant super-ego, which is the critical moralizing part.
  3. depression occurs when the person never adequately resolved their early concerns
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6
Q

Becks Cognitive Theory:

A

onset, maintenance and exacerbation of depression are driven by depressive self-schemas. cognitive symptoms of depression cause affective mood symptoms

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7
Q

Example of becks cognitive theory:

A

depressed mood does not lead to negative thoughts, but ones negative thoughts leads to a depressed mood

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8
Q

Depressogenic Schemas:

A

negative cognitions and dysfunctional beliefs are results of early life experiences and remain there until activated

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9
Q

example of a depressogenic schema:

A

someone having a core belief of inferiority/worthlessness; the stressful event that led to these beliefs was being rejected romantically

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10
Q

Diathesis-stress theory:

A

negative schemas/cognitive vulnerability are the underlying diathesis, stressors are necessary to activate schemas

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11
Q

Becks negative cognitive triad:

A
  1. self: : “im worthless/a failure”
  2. world: “no one loves me”
  3. future: “its all hopeless because things will always be this way.”
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12
Q

The negative cognitive triad is maintained by biased thinking strategies such as:

A
  1. all or none reasoning
  2. Selective abstraction
  3. Arbitrary interference
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13
Q

All or none reasoning:

A

extreme thinking: “if I can’t get an 100 on the test, then there’s no point in doing it”

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14
Q

Selective Abstraction:

A

focuses on one negative detail of a situation

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15
Q

Arbitrary interference:

A

jumping to conclusions based on minimal evidence: “this therapy won’t work” after one homework assignment

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16
Q

Becks depression inventory:

A

21 item questionnaire, the higher the score the more depressive symptomology

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17
Q

Dysfunctional attitudes scale:

A

usually 40 item questionnaire that assesses rigid, negative attitudes

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18
Q

Learned Helplessness:

A

depression due to lack of control over outcomes

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19
Q

Results of dogs in harnesses that received electrical shocks:

A

animals exposed to uncontrollable shocks in part 1 acted passive and helpless even when they could escape the shocks

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20
Q

Overall idea of learned helplessness:

A

when humans have no control over events, they learn they are helpless, making them unmotivated to respond in future

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21
Q

Hopelessness theory:

A

the tendency to make negative interferences about stressful life events makes a person cognitively vulnerable. if individual experiences uncontrollable negative events, it leads to depression

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22
Q

What are the diathesis of hopelessness theory?

A

Pessimistic attribution styles

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23
Q

What are the negative inferences called in the hopelessness theory?

A

attributions

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24
Q

What are the 3 components of the negative inferential styles?

A
  1. tendency to attribute negative events to global and stable causes
  2. tendency to assume negative consequences will follow a negative event
  3. tendency to infer negative implications about your worthiness
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25
Q

What are attributions?

A

assigning a situation with a cause

26
Q

What is the diathesis of Attribution theory of depression:

A

people have a pessimistic attributional style

27
Q

in the attribution theory of depression, people who are susceptible to depression form a:

A

depressogenic, pessimistic attribution of a negative event

28
Q

the 3 dimensions in which attributions are made:

A
  1. internal/external
  2. global/specific
  3. stable/unstable
29
Q

What are the depressogenic attribution style dimensions?

A

Internal, global, and stable

30
Q

Example of internal dimension attribution:

A

Student has bad interaction with professor, and thinks they have bad interpersonal skills rather than thinking the professor was just in a bad mood

31
Q

example of global dimension attribution:

A

Student has an argument,ent with fellow classmate and thinks that all fellow students are argumentative rather than just thinking about how most of their social interactions with others were pleasant.

32
Q

example of stable dimension attribute:

A

student failed a test and thinks they will never do well on tests, vs thinking they didn’t do well, but they can do better on the next test

33
Q

Cognitive style questionnaire:

A

24 item questionnaire, 12 positive scenarios and 12 negative scenarios, each scenario assessed via causes and meaning of the scenario

34
Q

what does the dysfunctional attitudes scale assess for?

A

becks cognitive theory

35
Q

What does the cognitive style questionnaire asses for?

A

hopelessness theory

36
Q

Response styles theory:

A

people have different responses when they experience sadness and this can affect the onset, duration, and severity of depressive symptoms

37
Q

Response styles consist of:

A
  1. rumination
  2. distraction
  3. problem solving
  4. dangerous activities/risk taking
38
Q

Rumination:

A

focuses on how/why they feel that way and involves focus to understanding the implications of one’s mood, aka overthinking

39
Q

does rumination increase or decrease depressive symptoms?

A

increase

40
Q

does distraction increase or decrease depressive symptoms?

A

decrease

41
Q

does problem solving increase or decease depressive symptoms?

A

decrease

42
Q

idea of rumination:

A

people who ruminate on their depressed mood are more likely to predict, develop, and have longer onset of depressive episodes

43
Q

What us used to assess the response styles theory?

A

Response style questionnaire or the ruminative response scale

44
Q

In the response styles theory, what is the best predictor for depression?

A

rumination

45
Q

Idea of the interpersonal theory of depression

A

interpersonal relationships are a fundamental motivation of depression, and are intertwined with mental health outcomes

46
Q

The biggest stressful life events often deal with:

A

interpersonal “loss” or “exit”`

47
Q

Coyne’s interpersonal model of depression:

A

depression prone people doubt their self worth and excessively seek reassurance of approval and acceptance. such as questions like “do you still love me?”

48
Q

How do depressed individuals feel within interpersonal relationships?

A

frustration, feeling misunderstood and rejected

49
Q

How does the person dealing with the depressed individual feel?

A

hostility, withdrawal, rejection

50
Q

depression contagion:

A

when a depressed person induces negative mood state in other person

51
Q

Lewinsohn’s behavioral theory of depression:

A

depression prone people lack the social skills necessary for obtaining/maintaining positive reinforcement from social environment

52
Q

Anxious and avoidant attachment theory:

A

two underlying factors of anxiety attachment and avoidant attachment

53
Q

High in anxiety attachment=

A

difficulty trusting attachment figures

54
Q

High in avoidance attachment=

A

maintain distance, independence from attachment figures

55
Q

Marital discord model of depression:

A

presence of depression in a family may act as a general stressor and strain the family

56
Q

High expressed emotion:

A

attitudes, behaviors, and emotions by the caregiver toward the person being cared for

57
Q

Components of high expressed emotion:

A

hostility, low tolerance, highly critical

58
Q

Interpersonal Cirumplex Model of interpersonal problems and problematic behaviors:

A

organizes interpersonal behaviors in terms of a circular continuum. used to study problematic interpersonal behaviors of depressed individuals.

59
Q

Vertical axis on ICMIPPIB model is:

A

dominance vs submissiveness

60
Q

Horizontal axis on ICMIPPIB model is:

A

love/nurturance vs coldness

mood disorders: depression exam 1 (4 decks)

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