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Gastrointestinal > 5. Arterial, Venous and Lymphatics of GI Tract > Flashcards

5. Arterial, Venous and Lymphatics of GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

EMBRYOLOGY
FOREGUT becomes:

A
  • Lower Oesophagus
  • Stomach
    -1st and 2nd parts Duodenum
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
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2
Q

EMBRYOLOGY
MIDGUT becomes:

A
  • 3rd and 4th parts Duodenum and rest of Small Intestine (jejunum and ileum)
  • Caecum
  • Ascending Colon
  • 3/4 Transverse Colon
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3
Q

EMBRYOLOGY
HINDGUT becomes:

A
  • last 1/4 Transverse Colon
  • Descending Colon
  • Sigmoid Colon
  • Rectum
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4
Q

what are the 3 MAJOR ARTERIES that supply the GI TRACT

A
  • COELIAC TRUNK (CT)
  • SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (SMA)
  • INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (IMA)

(from anterior abdominal aorta)

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5
Q

which ARTERY Supplies the FOREGUT DERIVATIVES of GI Tract

A

COELIAC TRUNK

(T12)

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6
Q

at what vertebral LEVEL does the COELIAC TRUNK ARISE / come off the anterior abdominal aorta

A

T12

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7
Q

which ARTERY Supplies the MIDGUT DERIVATIVES of GI Tract

A

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

L1

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8
Q

at what vertebral LEVEL does the SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (SMA) ARISE / come off the anterior abdominal aorta

A

L1

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9
Q

which ARTERY Supplies the HINDGUT DERIVATIVES of GI Tract

A

INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (IMA)

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10
Q

at what vertebral LEVEL does the INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (IMA) ARISE / come off the anterior abdominal aorta

A

L3

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11
Q

CT, SMA, IMA are paired or unpaired ?

A

UNPAIRED

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12
Q

COELIAC TRUNK (CT) is a SHORT trunk that SPLITS into 3 BRANCHES:

A
  1. LEFT GASTRIC ARTERY
  2. SPLENIC ARTERY
  3. COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY
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13
Q

the LEFT GASTRIC ARTERY (branch of CT) SUPPLIES:

A
  • LESSER CURVATURE of STOMACH (LGA)
  • LOWER OESOPHAGUS (oesophageal branches)
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14
Q

the SPLENIC ARTERY (branch of CT) SUPPLIES:

A
  • whole SPLEEN
  • most of PANCREAS (runs along top to the spleen)
  • STOMACH fundus and greater curvature (posterior, up towards spleen) (short gastric and left gastro-omental arteries)
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15
Q

which BRANCHES of the SPLENIC ARTERY (CT) supply the STOMACH

A
  • SHORT GASTRIC ARTERY (to FUNDUS)
  • LEFT GASTRO-OMENTAL ARTERY (stomach and greater omentum)
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16
Q

the CONVOLUTED shape of the SPLENIC ARTERY does what

A

SLOWS RATE for the SPLEEN

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17
Q

the COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY (branch of CT) SUPPLIES:

A
  • whole LIVER (proper hepatic, left hepatic, right hepatic)
  • whole GALLBLADDER (proper hepatic, right hepatic)
  • Right 1/2 STOMACH (right gastric, right gastro-omental, gastroduodenal)
  • Upper 1/2 DUODENUM (gastroduodenal)
  • part of PANCREAS (gastroduodenal)
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18
Q

which BRANCHES of the COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY SUPPLY the STOMACH

A
  • RIGHT GASTRIC artery
  • RIGHT GASTO-OMENTAL artery
  • GASTRODUODENAL
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19
Q

Branches of the SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (SMA) that supply MIDGUT derivatives:

A
  • INFERIOR PANCREATICODUODENAL
    pancreas & duodenum (3rd,4th)
  • JEJUNUL ARTERIES
    (church wall appearance, vasorecta, arcade)
  • ILEAL ARTERIES
    (honeycomb appearance)
  • ILIOCOLIC Artery
    Ileocaecal junction
  • ANTERIOR CAECAL Artery
    anterior caecum
  • POSTERIOR CAECAL Artery
    posterior caecum
  • APPENDICULAR Artery
    appendix
  • RIGHT COLIC Artery
    Ascending colon
  • MIDDLE COLIC Artery
    Transverse Colon (3/4)
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20
Q

which BRANCH of the SMA SUPPLIES the ASCENDING COLON

A

RIGHT COLIC ARTERY

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21
Q

which BRANCH of the SMA SUPPLIES the TRANSVERSE COLON (first 3/4)

A

MIDDLE COLIC ARTERY

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22
Q

which BRANCHES of the SMA SUPPLY the CAECUM

A
  • ILIOCOLIC ARTERY (for iliocaecal junction)
  • ANTERIOR CAECAL ARTERY (anterior caecum)
  • POSTERIOR CAECAL ARTERY (posterior caecum)
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23
Q

which BRANCHES of the SMA SUPPLY the SMALL INTESTINE

A
  • PANCREATICODUODENUM
    3rd and 4th parts duodenum & pancrease
  • JEJUNAL ARTERIES
  • ILIAL ARTERIES
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24
Q

BRANCHES of the INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (IMA) that supply HINDGUT derivatives:

A
  • LEFT COLIC ARTERY:
    ASCENDING BRANCH
    (1/4 transverse and descending colon)
    DESCENDING BRANCH (descending colon)
  • SIGMOID ARTERIES
    (sigmoid colon)
  • SUPERIOR RECTAL ARTERY
    (Upper rectum)
25
Q

what branch of the IMA, LEFT COLIC ARTERY supplies the 1/4 TRANSVERSE COLON and DESCENDING COLON

A

ASCENDING BRANCH of left colic artery

26
Q

SUPERIOR RECTAL ARTERY of the IMA Supplies:

A

UPPER RECTUM

27
Q

APPENDICULAR ARTERY is a BRANCH of which Major artery

A

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (SMA)

28
Q

which part of the EMBRYONIC GUT TUBE does the ASCENDING COLON DERIVE from

A

MIDGUT

29
Q

the SHORT GASTRIC ARTERIES SUPPLY which PART of the STOMACH
and are a BRANCH of which ARTERY

A

FUNDUS of STOMACH

from SPLENIC ARTERY of the COELIAC TRUNK

30
Q

which BRANCH of the COELIAC TRUNK SUPPLY oxygenated blood to the GALLBLADDER

and which artery specifically

A

COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY

  • proper hepatic, RIGHT HEPATIC ARTERY
31
Q

RIGHT GASTRIC ARTERY is a BRANCH of which ARTERY

A

COELIAC TRUNK
-> COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY

32
Q

LEFT GASTRIC ARTERY is a BRANCH of..
and supplies what PART of the STOMACH?

A

COELIAC TRUNK

  • LESSER CURVATURE of Stomach

(& has oesophageal branches)

33
Q

which ARTERY supplies the GREATER CURVATURE of the STOMACH?
what is it a branch of?

A

LEFT GASTRO-OMENTAL ARTERY

  • SPLENIC Artery (CT)
34
Q

RIGHT GASTRO-OMENTAL ARTERY is a BRANCH of..

A

COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY (CT)

35
Q

GASTRODUODENAL is a BRANCH of which CT ARTERY

A

COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY

36
Q

INFERIOR PANCREATICODUODENAL ARTERY is a BRANCH of..

A

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (SMA)

37
Q

LEFT COLIC ARTERY is a BRANCH of…

A

INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (IMA)

38
Q

RIGHT COLIC ARTERY is a BRANCH of..

A

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (SMA)

(ascending colon)

39
Q

BRANCHES of the LEFT COLIC ARTERY

A

ASCENDING BRANCH
(transverse and descending colon)

DESCENDING BRANCH
(descending colon)

40
Q

SPLENIC ARTERY DRAINS into..
SMA DRAINS into…
IMA DRAINS into…

A

SPLENIC VEIN
SMV
IMV

41
Q

what does the IMV DRAIN INTO

A

SPLENIC VEIN

42
Q

what FORMS the HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN

A

3 veins unite:

IMV –> SPLENIC VEIN

SPLENIC VEIN + SMV -> Hepatic Portal Vein

43
Q

HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN goes to..

A

to LIVER CELLS

eventually into the IVC

44
Q

HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN Structure?

A

BIG but THIN WALLED

45
Q

what is an ANASTOMOSIS

A

CONNECTION between 2 VESSELS that ALLOW BLOOD to FLOW BETWEEN THEM (shared flow)

46
Q

what is a PORTOSYSTEMIC ANASTAMOSIS

A

COMMUNICATION between VEINS in HEPATIC SYSTEM and CAVAL SYSTEM

/ connection between
SYSTEMIC VEINS and PORTAL VEINS

occurs where adjacent structures come from different embryonic origins

47
Q

3 MAIN SITES of PORTOSYSTEMIC ANASTOMOSES:

A
  • OESPHAGUS
    (below diaphragm, part of GI tract, above diaphragm not GI, drains into systemic)
  • ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
  • RECTUM
48
Q

in cases such as LIVER FAILURE what can occur at PORTOSYSTEMIC ANASTOMOSES and what can it RESULT in

A

PORTAL HYPERTENSIVE
- FORCE BLOOD through Anastomoses

Hepatic Portal veins are Small and THIN so can become VARISCOSE (DILATED)
-> VARICES MAY BURT - HAEMORRHAGE

can be fatal
secondary bleeds are common

49
Q

how much of LYMPH FORMATION in the body is in the GI TRACT

A

50%

(1-4L per day)

50
Q

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE of GI TRACT FACILITATES what functions:

A
  • TRANSPORT of LIPIDS
  • MUCOSAL IMMUNE FUNCTION because GI ABSORPTION SURFACE is VAST
51
Q

because the GI ABSORPTION SURFACE is VAST what FUNCTION does is facilitate in LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE

A

MUCOSAL IMMUNITY

52
Q

what is the MAJOR LYMPH DUCT in the ABDOMEN

A

CISTERNA CHYLI (CC)

53
Q

Most LYMPH BELOW the DIAPHRAGM DRAINS into…

A

CISTERNA CHYLI

54
Q

CYSTERNA CHYLIE BECOMES the …. after passing UP THROUGH DIAPHRAGM

A

THORACIC DUCT
(Main vessel in the body)

55
Q

the HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN is formed by the UNION of which 2 VEINS

A

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC (SMV) and SPLENIC VEIN

56
Q

what is ANGIOGRAPHY

A

a technique used to VISUALISE BLOOD VESSELS with
X-RAYS by use of radiocontrast medium

57
Q

ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES of using CT ANGIOGRAPHY over CT SCAN

A

ADV-
- LESS INVASIVE
- QUICK to acquire Arterial and Venous Phase IMAGES
- 3D Date may be EASIER to REVIEW

DISADV-
- HIGHER RADIATION dose
- NOT suitable for SOME patients/situations

58
Q

does CONVENTIONAL ANGIOGRAPHY or CT ANGIOGRAPHY have HIGHER RESOLUTION

A

CONVENTION - HIGHER

CTA - LOWER RESOLUTION but more soft tissue detail

Gastrointestinal (19 decks)

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