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Pharm Test 3 > Bacterial ADRs > Flashcards

Bacterial ADRs Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins ADRs

A

-hypersensitivity
-contact dermatitis risk > not used topically
-potentially fatal colitis in hindgut fermenters (if given orally)
-reduction of seizure threshold

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2
Q

Penicillin PK features

A

-excreted intact in urine
-Penicillin G not acid stable
-oral availability of amoxicillin is ~90%

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3
Q

Penicillins Health canada stats

A

1st line: pen G, amox
2nd line: potentiated

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4
Q

cephalosporin ADR

A

-potentially fatal colitis in hindgut fermenters (oral)
-hypersensitivity
-reduction of seizure threshold

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5
Q

Cephalosporin health canada stats

A

1st line: 1st gen
2nd line: 3rd gen

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6
Q

cephalosporin PK

A

-only a few are acid stable (cephalexin)
-not destroyed by penicillinases, but may be inactivated by beta lactamases
-some 3rd gens enter CNS readily

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7
Q

Aminoglycosides ADRs

A

-ototoxic
-nephrotoxic

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8
Q

aminoglycosides health canada stats

A

1st line: topical admin
2nd line: systemic

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9
Q

aminoglycosides PK

A

-highly ionized > negligible oral or topical absorption
-food residues >1yr with parenteral admin

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10
Q

tetracyclines ADRs

A

-incorporation into growing teeth and long bones
-nephrotoxic in dehydrated patients
-tissue irritation (pain on injection, vomiting oral dose)
-risk of esophogeal damage in cats

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11
Q

tetracyclines health canada stats

A

1st line

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12
Q

tetracyclines PK

A

-lipid soluble tetracyclines (eg. doxycycline) are useful against intracullular pathogens

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13
Q

TMS ADRs

A

-lacrimotoxocity in dogs (KCS)
-nephrotoxicity in dehydrated patients
-hypersensitivity (including contact dermatitis)

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14
Q

TMS health canada stats

A

1st line

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15
Q

TMS PK

A

-ineffective in presence of puss
-distributes to all tissues

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16
Q

Macrolides ADRs

A

-tissue irritation; pain on injection (all macrolides), nausea and vomiting (oral erythromycin)
-potentially fatal colitis in hindgut fermenters (more likely from oral admin)

17
Q

Macrlides health canada

A

1st line: erythromycin
2nd line: newer macrolides

18
Q

Macrolides PK

A

-concentrate in lungs
-enter cells
-most newer macrolides have long half lives
-erythromycin: inhibits P450 enzymes and stimulates motilin receptors

19
Q

fluoroquinolones ADR

A

-cartilage damage (immature animals)
-retinal damage (enrofloxacin in cats)
-reduction in seizure threshold

20
Q

fluoroquinolones health canada stats

A

2nd line

21
Q

fluoroquinolones PK

A

-most have long half lives (except enrofloxacin)
-oral absorption ~100%
-concentrate in lung

Pharm Test 3 (16 decks)

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