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IHN: Biochemistry 2 > carnitine > Flashcards

carnitine Flashcards

1
Q

biologically active form of carnitine

A

L-carnitine

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2
Q

carnitine is found in

A

animal products

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3
Q

carnitine main function

A

beta-oxidation of fatty acids

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4
Q

chemically, carnitine resembles

A

an amino acids

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5
Q

carnitine allows transport of

A

FAs to and from CoA

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6
Q

intestinal absorption of carnitive involves

A

active and passive transport

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7
Q

carnitine is transported in to most tissues (except __) by __ a __ dependent transporter

A

carnitine is transported in to most tissues (except liver) by OCTN2 a Na+ dependent transporter

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8
Q

__% of carnitine is absorbed in normal diet
__ digest remaining

A

65-75% of carnitine is absorbed in normal diet
bacteria digest remaining

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9
Q

primary transporter of carnitine

A

OCTN2

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10
Q

main tissues using OCTN2

A

heart, muscle, kidney, enterocytes
heart bc high energy (needs a lot of beta-oxidation)

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11
Q

humans synthesize carnitine from (2)

A

lysine and methionine

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12
Q

carnitine synthesis from lysine requires

A

SAM

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13
Q

carnitine synthesis requires vit

A

vit C

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14
Q

carnitine homeostasis in humans is maintained mostly by regulation of __ and __ of carnitine

A

carnitine homeostasis in humans is maintained mostly by regulation of renal reabsorption and excretion of carnitine

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15
Q

no matter how much carnitine we consume, most is __ into __ bc __ reabsorption becomes saturated

A

no matter how much carnitine we consume, most is excreted into urine bc kidney reabsorption becomes saturated

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16
Q

95% of carnitine is reabsorbed by __ in __

A

95% of carnitine is reabsorbed by OCTN2 in brush border

17
Q

3 biological functions of carnitine

A
  1. fatty acid oxidation
  2. reservoir for excess FA (acyl) residues
  3. release of CoA to control CoA/AcylCoA ratio
18
Q

regulation of FA ox

A

malonyl CoA regulates by inhibiting CPT-1

19
Q

carnitine in FA ox steps

A
  1. CPT-1: FA-CoA + Carnitine → CoA +
    FA-Carnitine
  2. Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase:
    Transports carnitine and carnitine-FA
    across inner mitochondrial membrane
  3. CPT-2 (inner mitochondrial membrane):
    Removes FA from Carnitine
20
Q

at risk of carnitine deficiency

A

newborns and preemies

21
Q

increased requirements for carnitine

A
  1. pregnant women, preemies
  2. severes trauma, burns, infections
  3. valproic acid
  4. HIV/AIDS meds
  5. hemodialysis
  6. liver or kidney disease
  7. strict vegetarians/malnutrition

IHN: Biochemistry 2 (38 decks)

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