Chapters 20/21 (Industrialization, Revolution, and Reform) Flashcards
A term first coined in 1799 to describe the burst of major inventions and economic expansion that began in Britain in the late eighteenth century.
Industrial Revolution
Theory proposed by English economist David Ricardo suggesting that the pressure of population growth prevents wages from rising above the subsistence level.
Iron Law of Wages
English laws passed from 1802 to 1833 that limited the workday of child laborers and set minimum hygiene and safety requirements.
Factory Acts
Awareness of belonging to a distinct social and economic class whose interests might conflict with those of other classes.
Class-Consciousness
English law prohibiting underground work for all women and girls as well as for boys under ten.
The Mines Act of 1842
published in 1844 The Condition of the Working Class in England
future revolutionary and colleague of Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
was a German philosopher during the 19th century. He worked primarily in the realm of political philosophy and was a famous advocate for communism. He wrote The Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx
In his Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), he examined the dynamics of human populations.
human populations tend to outgrow their agricultural production capabilities, resulting in famines and other disasters.
Thomas Malthus
founder of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement, was a textile manufacturer, philanthropist and social reformer,
The guy that made those cities that didn’t work
efforts resulted in a series of British Factory Acts
Robert Owen
Group of handicraft workers who attacked factories in northern England in 1811 and later, smashing the new machines that they believed were putting them out of work.
The Luddites
The principal ideas of this movement were equality; the people that supported this type of government demanded a representative government and equality before the law as well as individual freedoms such as freedom of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of worship, and freedom from arbitrary arrest.
Liberalism
The idea that each people had its own genius and specific identity that manifested itself especially in a common language and history, and often led to the desire for an independent political state.
Nationalism
A backlash against the emergence of individualism, and a move toward cooperation and a sense of community; the key ideas were economic planning, greater social equality, and state regulation of property.
Socialism
The industrial working class who, according to Marx, were unfairly exploited by the profit-seeking bourgeoisie.
Proletariat
An artistic movement at its height from about 1790 to the 1840s that was in part a revolt against classicism and the Enlightenment, characterized by a belief in emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, and spontaneity in both art and personal life.
Romanticism
