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FWS > Rhone > Flashcards

Rhone Flashcards

1
Q

What is the climate of the Northern Rhone?

A

Continental with Mediterranean influence

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2
Q

What is the climate of the Southern Rhone?

A

Mediterranean

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3
Q

Which AOCs in the Rhone can make sparkling wine?

A

Saint-Peray (Northern Rhone)
Clairette de Die
Cremant de Die

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4
Q

What is the Mistral?

A

A strong, cold wind that blows from the north through the Rhone Valley

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5
Q

What are galets?

A

Rounded river stones
Most famously found in Chateauneuf-du-Pape

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6
Q

Which Rhone appellation is a monopole?

A

Chateau-Grillet

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7
Q

Which two Southern Rhone crus are on the right bank of the Rhone river?

A

Tavel
Lirac

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8
Q

Is the entire Rhone Valley inside the Cotes du Rhone zone of production?

A

No

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9
Q

How do vines benefit from being located in the foothills of the Dentelles de Montmirail?

A

The Dentelles act as a wind block and sun trap
They blanket the vines with cool air at night

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10
Q

What is VDN? Where are these wines produced?

A

Vins Doux Naturels
These are sweet fortified wines

Rasteau
Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

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11
Q

What is the southernmost appellation in the Rhone Valley?

A

Costieres de Nimes

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12
Q

Which Rhone AOC’s name means “burned earth” in Celtic?

A

Cornas

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13
Q

In which century did the Papacy move to Avignon?

A

14th century

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14
Q

Which 2 “Other AOCs of Rhone Valley” appellations have UNESCO recognition?

A

Ventoux
Luberon

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15
Q

Which Northern Rhone appellations allow white grape varieties to be co-fermented with Syrah in their red wines?

A

Cote Rotie - Viognier

Hermitage - Marsanne & Roussanne
Crozes-Hermitage - Marsanne & Roussanne
Saint-Joseph - Marsanne & Roussanne

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16
Q

Which 3 grape varieties dominate the red wine blends of the Southern Rhone?

A

Grenache
Syrah
Mourvedre

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17
Q

What is the northernmost cru in the Northern Rhone?

A

Cote Rotie

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18
Q

What are the main soil types found in the Northern Rhone?

A

Granite
Schist

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19
Q

Which 2 Southern Rhone cru appellations are authorized to produce dry white, rose, and red wines?

A

Lirac
Vacqueyras

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20
Q

Which AOC in the Southern Rhone mandates hand harvesting?

A

Beaumes de Venise AOC

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21
Q

Which grape variety forms the backbone of most Cotes du Rhone white wines?

A

Grenache Blanc

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22
Q

The Northern Rhone is bookended by which 2 cities?

A

Vienne
Valence

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23
Q

The Southern Rhone is bookended by which 2 cities?

A

Montelimar
Nimes

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24
Q

What is the Dentelles de Montmirail?

A

A mountain range on the eastern flank of the Southern Rhone

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25
Q

What is Vin de Paille, and which appellation makes it?

A

Marsanne and/or Roussanne grapes are harvested and dried on straw mats for at least 45 days
The process dries the grapes and concentrates the sugars

Hermitage

26
Q

Which appellation is responsible for the majority of production in the Diois?

A

Clairette de Die

27
Q

What are the 5 soil types of the Southern Rhone?

A

Galets
Garrigue
Sandstone
Clay
Loess/molasse

28
Q

What is the most common vine training system in the Southern Rhone?

A

Gobelet

29
Q

Which 3 Southern Rhone crus surround hilltop towns?

A

Vinsobres
Rasteau
Cairanne

30
Q

How consistant are the vintages wines in the Rhone Valley?

A

Northern Rhone has high vintage variation.
However, the Rhone is more consistent than Beaujolais and Bourgogne.

Southern Rhone has low vintage variation.

31
Q

What is loess?

A

Fine wind-blown soil deposits that are usually comprised of silt and sand

32
Q

What does Meridionaux mean?

A

“Of the Southern Rhone”

(in nature, style, or location)

33
Q

Describe the Cote Rotie AOC.

A

Red wine only

Grapes: Syrah, Viognier

Up to 20% Viognier can be added to Syrah to make the red wine.
In practice this number is typically 5%, if used at all
Viognier is co-planted, co-harvested, and co-fermented

34
Q

Describe the Condrieu AOC.

A

White wine only
Mostly dry, but also some sweet

Grape: Viognier

Most Condrieu AOC wine used to be sweet, but now the preferred style is dry

35
Q

Describe the Chateau-Grillet AOC.

A

Dry white wine only

Grape: Viognier

Tiny AOC located within the boundary of Condrieu AOC
Monopole (single-owner AOC)

Wine is aged 2 years in oak barrels or tanks
Can continue to age for 10+ years

36
Q

Describe the Saint-Joseph AOC.

A

Dry white and red wine

White grapes: Marsanne, Roussanne
Red grape: Syrah

In general, the wines mature more quickly than other N. Rhone crus
Production is mainly red

Syrah can be made by co-fermenting up to 10% of Marsanne/Roussanne

37
Q

Describe the Cornas AOC.

A

Red wine only

Grape: Syrah

Name is Celtic for “burned earth”, signifying the warm conditions

38
Q

Describe the Saint-Peray AOC.

A

Dry white and sparkling white

Grapes: Marsanne, Roussanne

Temperatures are cooler so production focuses on white wine
Can make traditional-method sparkling, but production is rare

39
Q

Describe the Hermitage AOC.

A

Dry white, red, Vin de Paille

White grapes: Marsanne, Roussanne
Red grape: Syrah

Production is mainly red
Both red and white wines are long-lived and need a few years to bottle mature

Syrah can be made by co-fermenting up to 15% of Marsanne/Roussanne

40
Q

Describe the Crozes-Hermitage AOC.

A

Dry white and red wine

White grapes: Marsanne, Roussanne
Red grape: Syrah

Largest of the N. Rhone crus

Syrah can be made by co-fermenting up to 15% of Marsanne/Roussanne

41
Q

Describe the Northern Rhone sub-region.

A

Temperature drops earlier than the Southern Rhone, which shortens the ripening window
Syrah and Viognier are early ripeners

Vines are tied to stakes to counteract Mistral

Contains 8 AOCs
Each is considered a cru

Cornas and Hermitage are more powerfully structured
Saint-Joseph and Cote Rotie are generally more elegant

Small, new oak in not common

42
Q

Describe the Diois sub-region.

A

Considered part of the Northern Rhone, but cannot produce Cotes du Rhone wine

Lies to the southeast of Cornas at the base of the Alpines
One of France’s highest wine regions

Most of the wines are white sparkling wines made in the ancestral method or traditional method

(“Dee-wah”)

43
Q

Describe the Clairette de Die AOC.

A

Sparkling white and sparkling rose

Two wines are made under this AOC
- Clairette de Die is traditional method sparkling wine made from 100% Clairette
- Clairette de Die Methode Dioise Ancestrale is a sweet sparkling blend of Muscat and Clairette (white or rose)

44
Q

Describe the Southern Rhone sub-region.

A

Chateauneuf-du-Pape, Tavel, and Lirac and are on flat valley floor, by the Rhone river
Vinsobres, Raseau, and Cairanne are on hilltops, away from the Rhone river
Gigondas, Vacqueyras, and Beaumes de Venise are in the foothills, away from the Rhone river

Contains 9 AOCs
Each is considered a cru

Small, new oak is not common

45
Q

Describe the Cotes du Rhone AOC.

A

Dry white, rose, and red wine

North of Montelimar:
- At least 1 of the principal grapes must comprise as least 60% of blend

South of the Montelimar:
- At least 2 of the principal grapes must comprise at least 60% of blend
- Grenache is required

White grapes: Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Viogner
Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mouvedre

All of the Northern Rhone is permitted to make Cotes du Rhone AOC wine.
However, this is rare.

All of the Southern Rhone, except for 7 AOCs, can make Cotes du Rhone AOC wine.
Diois is not included in the zone of production.

46
Q

Describe the Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC.

A

Dry white, rose, and red wine

White grapes: Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier
Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre

Production rules are more stringent than Cotes du Rhone AOC
All of the eligible villages are in the Southern Rhone

47
Q

Describe the Vinsobres AOC.

A

Red wine only

Grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre

Wine is Grenache-based and must contain at least one of Syrah or Mourvedre

Vineyards are terraced at elevation, and are cooled by night winds

(“Van-so-bo”)

48
Q

Describe the Rasteau AOC.

A

Red and fortified wine

White grape: Grenache Blanc
Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre

Reds are predominantly GSM blends.

Vineyards face south and create an amphitheater that traps sunlight and blocks the Mistral wind

(“Ras-two”)

49
Q

Describe the Cairanne AOC.

A

Dry white and red wines

White grapes: Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Roussanne
Red grape: Grenache

White wines are typically Clairette and suplemented with Grenache Blanc and/or Roussanne
Red wines are Grenache-based with Syrah and/or Mourvedre as primary blending partners

(“Keh-rahn”)

50
Q

Describe the Gigondas AOC.

A

Rose and red wines

Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre

Red and rose wine must be made from Grenache and at least one of Syrah or Mourvedre

Wines are fresh

Rose production is small

51
Q

Describe the Vacqueyras AOC.

A

Dry white, rose, and red wines

White grapes: Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier
Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsaut

Generally warmer than Gigondas
Red wines are fleshier, meatier

Red wines are predominantly GSM blends
Rose wines are mostly Grenache with Mourvedre and Cinsaut as blending partners
White wines are any of the white grapes

52
Q

Describe the Beaumes de Venise AOC.

A

Red wine only

Grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre

Grenache is mandatory in the blend
At least 60% of the blend must be Grenache, Syrah, or Mourvedre

Dentelles de Montmirail serve as a windbreak, sheltering the vines from the Mistral

(“Boom-du-vah-knees”)

53
Q

Describe the Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC.

A

Dry white and red wines

White grapes: Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Roussanne, Picardan, Piquipoul Blanc
Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsaut, Brun Aregente, Counoise, Muscardin, Piquipoul Noir, Terret Noir

Most famous and largest of the Southern Rhone crus

Wine can be varietal or a blend of any of the grapes above

Red wines are powerfully full-bodied, fleshy, ripe tannins, and jammy fruit
White wines are similarly full-bodied

54
Q

Describe the Lirac AOC.

A

Dry white, rose, and red wines

White grapes: Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Roussanne
Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsaut

Hot, sunny, and dry
Vineyards have poor soil, resulting in low yields of top-quality fruit

White wines are usually Clairette, Bourboulenc, and Grenache Blanc
Red wines are usually GSM + Cinsaut blends
Rose are made from the same grapes as red

55
Q

Describe the Tavel AOC.

A

Only dry rose wine

Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsaut, Piquepoul Noir

Grenache must be in the wine blend and no one variety ca be over 60% of blend

Travel has a reputation for roses with concentration, structure, and depth of color

56
Q

Describe the fortified wine made in the Rasteau AOC.

A

This is the same AOC as the Rasteau AOC that also makes red wines
VDN production is tiny

Made in white, rose and red styles

White can be Blanc (reductive style) or Ambre (oxidative style)
If reductive, main grape is Grenache Blanc/Gris
If oxidative, can also include Grenache Noir

Red can be Grenat (reductive style) or Tuile (oxidative style)
Main grape is Grenache Noir

Rose has no ageing requirements
Main grape is Grenache Noir

Wines labelled Hors D’Age underwent 5 years of oxidative ageing
Wines labelled Rancio are fully oxidized

57
Q

Describe the fortified wine made in the Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOC.

A

This is a different AOC than Beaumes-de-Venise AOC, which makes red wine
This AOC makes VDN wine from Muscat grapes, in the same area

Majority is white, followed by rose and then red

All wines are made in a fresh, reductive style

58
Q

Describe the Ventoux AOC.

A

Dry white, rose, and red wines

White grapes: Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Roussanne
Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsaut, Carignan

Majority of production is red, followed by rose.

All wines must be blends from at least 2 primary grapes

One of the “Other AOCs of Rhone Valley”

(“Vaan-two”)

59
Q

Describe the Luberon AOC.

A

Dry white, rose, and red wines

White grapes: Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne, Vermentino
Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre

More than half of production is rose

One of the “Other AOCs of Rhone Valley”

(“Loo-be-ran”)

60
Q

Describe the Costieres de Nimes AOC.

A

Dry white, rose, red wines

White grapes: Grenache Blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne
Red grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre

Syrah is predominant grape

90% of production is red and rose

Has some of the hottest temperatures in France, from June to August
Cold air cools the nights

One of the “Other AOCs of Rhone Valley”

(“Co-sti-air-de-neem”)

61
Q

What is a special cuvee?

A

Wines made from either
- particularly good parcels of fruit within a vineyard, or
- a small lot of wine that was vinified in a different manner from the estate’s regular wine

Labels can read “cuvee speciale”, “cuvee exceptionnelle”, “cuvee du XXX”, etc.

62
Q

Describe the Cotes du Rhone zone of production and quality levels.

A

171 villages can make Cotes du Rhone AOC
95 villages can make Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC
22 villages can make Cotes du Rhone Villages + named village DGC

There are also 17 cru that sit at the top of the quality pyramid
The crus are from both Nothern and Southern Rhone

FWS (19 decks)

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