Chapter 11 Section 2

Question 1

What does the sentence “the Church dominated people’s lives from the cradle to the grave” mean?

Answer 1

It means that the church was in charge of people from the time they are born, to the time the die. So, basically their whole life.

Question 2

How was Christianity a unifying force in medieval Europe?

Answer 2

Christianity was a unifying force because the church baptized, married, pardoned, and buried everyone from serfs to kings. It promised that good people would go to heaven and the wicked would be punished after death.

Question 3

What did the conflict between Henry IV and Gregory VII signify?

Answer 3

It signified that there was a power struggle between the kings and the church.

Question 4

What issue provoked the conflict between King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII?

Answer 4

King Henry IV was hiring new priests to become bishops and Pope Gregory VII claimed that they were religious appointments and should be his decision.

Question 5

How was the conflict between King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII finally resolved?

Answer 5

It was finally resolved by Gregory shut Henry out of the church, and eventually got his way because Henry knew that if he didn’t obey, he would lose his throne.

Question 6

What is common law?

Answer 6

Common law is a system of law established in the 1100s that sought to ensure that people throughout England received equal treatment.

Question 7

What did the Magna Carta do?

Answer 7

The Magna Carta was meant to be just a contract between the king and his nobles. However, the Magna Carta made the king subject to the law of the land and limited his authority.

Question 8

What is parliament?

Answer 8

Parliament is the nobles that overruled Henry’s authority and put together a council of 15 men to advise the king and limit his power.

Question 9

What did the parliament Edward I assemble consist of?

Answer 9

The parliament Edward I assemble consisted of 2 knights from every county and 2 residents from each town.

Question 10

What major step toward democratic government occurred under English king Edward I?

Answer 10

They passed laws, imposed taxes, and discussed political and judicial matters.

Question 11

Who called for the Crusades and why?

Answer 11

Pope Urban II declared the Crusades because he wanted to reclaim The Holy Land.

Question 12

Against what group of people did Pope Urban II declare the Crusades?

Answer 12

Pope Urban II declared the Crusades against Muslims.

Question 13

What was the military outcome of the Crusades?

Answer 13

The military outcome of the Crusades was
the Crusades took over Palestine

Question 14

What purpose did the Reconquista serve?

Answer 14

The purpose of the Reconquista was to drive the Muslim’s off the peninsula.

Question 15

What was the Spanish Inquisition?

Answer 15

The Spanish Inquisition was a powerful court that was used to punish non-Christians.

Question 16

What conflict gave rise to the Hundred Years War?

Answer 16

When Edward III invaded France to claim the throne was what gave rise to the Hundred Years War.

Question 17

Who helped turn the tide for the French in the war?

Answer 17

Joan of Arc’s religious and patriotic passion inspired her soldiers to win a battle that helped turn the tide for the French in the war.

Question 18

Describe the longbow

Answer 18

The powerful longbow allowed archers to fire arrows with enough force to pierce a knight’s armor.

Question 19

What was the bubonic plague?

Answer 19

The bubonic plague was a devastating disease that swept through Europe.

Question 20

How much of Europe’s population were killed by the bubonic plague?

Answer 20

The Bubonic plague had killed about one third of Europe’s population.

Question 21

What economic opportunities did towns offer ordinary people that contributed to the end of feudalism and the middle ages?

Answer 21

With about a third of the workforce wiped out by the disease, employers desperate for help increased wages to attract workers. Many peasants, and many serfs as well, left the manor to apply for jobs in the towns.

Question 22

What are burghers?

Answer 22

Burghers are wealthy town-dwelling merchants, who could be elected to sit on governing councils.

Question 23

Describe guilds.

Answer 23

Guilds are groups of craftspeople, such as shoemakers or silversmiths.

Question 24

How did the growth of towns affect monarchs?

Answer 24

The growth of towns and their prosperous trade further helped kings regain their authority.

Question 25

From all of Section 2, describe what brought about the decline of feudalism. DO NOT JUST LIST THEM. DESCRIBE WHAT THEY ARE. There are at least 5.

Answer 25

Kings’ rise - king began to regain their former authority in the 1000s which weakened the feudal structure because they increased the growth of towns and trade.
Common law - a system of law that sought to ensure that people throughout England received equal treatment which gave white men absolute freedom, doing the exact opposite of feudalism.
Trade - trade between Europe and the eastern Mediterranean region greatly increased during the war which led to the further decline of feudalism
Longbow - could pierce a knight’s armor causing less knights, which are important to the manor system which left symbols of feudalism almost powerless, .
The Bubonic Plague - wiped out one third of the workforce so peasants and serfs could leave manors and seek jobs that paid them money in towns and deaths of so many people from disease and war led to major social and economic changes that would finally bring an end to feudalism.
100 years of war-series of wars between england and france people went off to fight and many died.
Crusades - thousands of nobles and peasants left Europe to jin up as Crusaders. Since feudalism was centered on land-owning and farming, large populations leaving the land to fight caused feudalism to decline.
Growth of Towns - people left manors for opportunities and better wages.
Magna Carta - made lords and kings follow the law, and was a step towards democracy