Topic 1

Question 1

Nerve cells

Answer 1

Act like fibre optic cables
Connect CNS to the rest of the body
Longest cells in the body

Question 2

Sex cells

Answer 2

Sperm and eggs
Egg cells - big they are visible without needing a microscope

Question 3

Red blood cells

Answer 3

Emptied of almost all cell contents to help them carry the maximum amount of oxygen to cells

Question 4

Monocytes

Answer 4

Hunt down rogue invading cells

Change shape constantly to chase down their quarry

In blood stream

Question 5

Natural selection

Answer 5

organisms produce more offspring that are able to survive in their environment
Those that are better physically equipped to survive grow to maturity and reproduce

Question 6

Cell theory

Answer 6

All organisms are made of cells
Cells are the basic units of life
Cells come from pre-existing cells that have multiplied

Question 7

Eukaryote

Answer 7

has nucleus, cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic organelles
larger
more DNA
Multiple linear DNA molecules

Question 8

Prokaryote

Answer 8

NO nucleus, cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic organelles
smaller
less DNA
Single circular DNA molecule

Question 9

Cellular evolution

Answer 9

Formation of Earth > first cells > first eukaryotes, oxidative metabolism > multi cellular organism > present

Question 10

Tissues

Answer 10

complex organisational arrangements of cells to fulfil specific functions

Question 11

Epithelial tissue

Answer 11

GI tract, respiratory tract, skin

Question 12

Muscle tissue

Answer 12

1. cardiac
2. smooth
3. skeletal

Question 13

Nervous tissue

Answer 13

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 14

Organs

Answer 14

formed by different combinations of these basic tissue types

Question 15

Apoptosis

Answer 15

Programmed cell death
Normal part of development

Question 16

Intracellular

Answer 16

inside cells

Question 17

Extracellular

Answer 17

outside cells

Question 18

when explaining the body you should think about…

Answer 18

Scales
Dimension
Complexity
Dynamic

Question 19

Reference range

Answer 19

Although there is some variability as to what is considered normal in the human body there are some things that are tightly controlled

if certain substances fall out of range > lead to health problems

Question 20

Metabolic buffers

Answer 20

bicarbonate

Question 21

Villus, Microvillus

Answer 21

Largely increases surface area of the gut