3- Paediatric respiratory - breath sounds (2/2)

Question 1

what can cause irregular breath sounds

Answer 1

obstruction
inflammation
infection
fluid in the lungs
asthma

Question 2

typical breath sounds is similar to the

Answer 2

sounds of air

Question 3

types of irregular breath sound

Answer 3

bronchial breathing
stridor
wheeze
rhoncus
fine crackle
coarse crackle
stretor

Question 4

normal tracheal sounds

Answer 4

hollow and non-musical
clearly heard in both phases of respiratory cycle

Question 5

normal or vesicular lung sounds

Answer 5

soft and non musical
heard only on inspiration and early expiration

Question 6

bronchial breathing

Answer 6

soft non musical
heard on both phases of respiratory cycle -> mimics tracheal sound

Question 7

causes of bronchial breathing

Answer 7

causes by consolidated lung tissue e.g. pneumonia or fibrosis

Question 8

stridor

Answer 8

muscical, high-pitched
most prominent on inspiration
may be heard over upper airways or at a distance without stethoscope

Question 9

causes of stridor

Answer 9

indicates upper airway obstruction
- croup
- epiglottitis

Question 10

rhoncus

Answer 10

musical low-pitched
similar to snoring
may be heard on inspiration or expiration or both

Question 11

cause of rhoncus

Answer 11

due to secretions in larger airways
- bronchitis
- COPD

often cleared by coughing

Question 12

wheeze

Answer 12

musical low pitched
heard on inspiration or expiration or both

Question 13

causes of wheeze

Answer 13

airway narrowing or blockage
- asthma
- COPD
- foreign object

Question 14

fine crackle

Answer 14

non musical, short, explosive, heard on mid to late inspiration

unaffected by cough, not transmitted through mouth

Question 15

cause of fine crackles

Answer 15

interstitial lung fibrosis
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
congestive heart failur

Question 16

coarse crackles

Answer 16

non musical, short, explosive sounds
heard early inspiration and throughout expiration
transmitted through mlouht

Question 17

cause of coarse crackles

Answer 17

indicated intermittent airway opening
- chronic bronchitis

Question 18

stertor

Answer 18

low-pitched
noise created in the nose or back of the throat
sounds like nasal congestion or snoring

Question 19

What is stridor vs stertor?

Answer 19

‘Stertor’ is noisy breathing which occurs above the larynx.

‘Stridor’ is noisy breathing that occurs at the level of the larynx or below

Question 20

cause of stertor

Answer 20

common cold