4.14 Hitler’s Consolidation Of Power, March 1933-August 1934

Question 1

What happens on the 2nd of May 1933?

Answer 1

-public holiday instituted to celebrate workers on May 1st
-trade Union offices sacked and closed the following morning(trade unions dissolved)

-all workers now members of the Nazi Labour front and therefore voiceless

Question 2

When was the burning of the books and why did this happen?

Answer 2

Propaganda stunt:
Ungrrman authors burned such as Einstein and Thomas Mann(Youth are RW and very much involved)

Question 3

After the enabling act what was stopping Hitler form becoming a dictator?

Answer 3

-army loyal to Hindenburg not him
-Hindenburg had final say in constitutional powers not Hitler

Question 4

When is the 1st law for the Coordination of Federal states?

Answer 4

31st March 1933

Question 5

When is the 2nd law for the Coordination of Federal states and the law of restoration of a professional civil service?

Answer 5

7th April 1933

Question 6

When are the SPD outlawed as a ‘party hostile to the nation and the state’?

Answer 6

22nd June

Question 7

When do the centre party voluntary disband?

Answer 7

5th July 1933

Question 8

When is the law against the formation of new parties (one party state)

Answer 8

14th July 1933

Question 9

When is the Reichstag election where the Nazis gain 92% of the vote?

Answer 9

12th November 1933

Question 10

When is the law for the reconstruction of the Reich?

Answer 10

30th Jan 1934

Question 11

When is the reichstrat abolished?

Answer 11

14 Feb 1934

Question 12

When is the Night of the Long Knives?

Answer 12

30th June 1934

Question 13

When is the death of Hindenburg, Hitler becomes chancellor as well as president and the army swear an oath of allegiance
to him?

Answer 13

2nd August 1934

Question 14

When does Hitler take the title Führer?

Answer 14

19th August 1934

Question 15

What happened between 22nd June-12th July 1933?

Answer 15

The banning and disbanding of alternative parties

-SPD mps imprisoned or fled
-SPD continued in exile as SOPADE
-other parties volunteer their own dissolution (such as the Centre party)

Question 16

What happens at the concordat with the Vatican and when is it?

Answer 16

20th July 1933

-ensured the Church retained independence (education, youth clergy etc)

-Church stays out of politics while the Nazis leave the church alone

Question 17

Why had tension risen between Hitler and the SA?

Answer 17

Hitler’s revolution was the conquest of political power whilst the SA was very different

Question 18

What is the institutions of the state?

Answer 18

An organised political community under one gov; includes the civil service, armed forces, police and judicial system

Question 19

When did the DNVP dissolve themselves?

Answer 19

27th June

Question 20

What is a federal state?

Answer 20

A state In which a number of small states of provinces keep control over many of their internal afford but decisions about national issues are the responsibility of the central government

Question 21

What did the First law for confederation of the Federal services in 31st March 1933 do?

Answer 21

Dissolved existing state assemblies and replaced them with Nazi dominated assemblies

Question 22

What did the second law for the Coordination of the Federal state do on the 7th April 1933?

Answer 22

Created new post of Reich governor to oversee the government of each state

These new Reich governors were accountable to the minister of the interior (Goering)and responsible for ensuring state governments followed the policies laid down by the central government

Question 23

What does the law of the reconstruction of the Reich do on the 30th Jan 1934?

Answer 23

-abolished state assemblies
-restricted all forms of local gov
-German gov centralised

Question 24

When does Hitler withdraw from the world disarmament conference and the League of Nations?

Answer 24

14th October 1933

Question 25

What did Hitler do on the 14th Feb 1934?

Answer 25

Abolished the riechstrat (state assemblies would sent delegates here and as they no longer existed it was the logical next step)

Question 26

What is the Gauleiter?

Answer 26

A Nazi party leader at regional or state level

This was the seconds ranking for Nazis as their were Reich (national) rankings too

Question 27

Why did the civil servants initially support Hitler?

Answer 27

They believed the conservative members in Hitler’s cabinet would restrain the civil service and they would be allowed to serve the state like they did under the Kaiser

They were very wrong

Question 28

What did the Nazis to do the civil service?

Answer 28

-saw it as an obstacle in quest for dictatorial power
-local officials replaced with Nazi party appointees most of whom had no experience in government

-the SA began to place party officials in government to ensure that the civil servants were carrying out the orders of the regime

Question 29

When does Von Papen speak out against the fear in Germany and give direct Criticism of the SA?

Answer 29

17th. June 1934

Question 30

What was the position of the SA in Jan 1933?

Answer 30

Nazi’s main instrument for terror and violence

Membership grew from 500,000 on Jan 1933 to 3milliom in Jan 1934

Question 31

Why was Hitler on edge about the SA?

Answer 31

He was not always in control of their actions
Much of the SA’s violence against the Nazis political opponents and Jews were uncoordinated and unplanned

Hitler was prepared to go along with this in Feb 1933 as opposition was eliminated but was careful they did not attack the state and assaults on police were avoided

Question 32

What was the difference between Hitler and Röhm that challenged Hitler?

Answer 32

Hitler beloved once the law against the law of the formation of new parties was passed in July 1933 he had dictatorial powers and the revolution was over

-for Röhm the revolution was not over and he was determined to continue with violence until they had a chaired a second revolution-he wanted the SA to replace the army and he had 4.5 million in numbers by Jan 1934

Question 33

Since when had the role of the SA declined?

Answer 33

August 1933 they lost their ‘auxiliary police status’ and were subject to stricter regulations on their powers of arrest(only one part in November 1933 so there was no need for voter intimidation)

Question 34

Describe the actions of the SA that made them dangerous?

Answer 34

As they became disillusioned it became increasingly common for them to target police when they tried to intervene with their actions

Question 35

What was the backgrounds of Ernst Röhm?

Answer 35

-met Hitler and recruiter him to German workers party in 1919 after fighting in WW1 as a captain

Helped set up SA, took part in the beer hall Putsch and was briefly jailed because of it

His heavily draining and homosexuality was a source of embarrassment to Hitler when the Nazis took power in 1933

Question 36

What did the army leaders regard the SA as by the summer of 1934?

Answer 36

A serious threat

Question 37

When was Papens speech calling for the end of Nazi terror?

Answer 37

17th June 1934

Question 38

What essentially happened on the night of the long knives

Answer 38

With the support of the army the SS acting on Hitler’s orders assassinated leaders of the SA and many other political opponents

Question 39

When was the night of the long knives?

Answer 39

30th June 1934

Question 40

Statistics for the events of the night of the long knives?

Answer 40

-Röhm executed
-Schliecher executed
-SA leaders executed
-1000 arrested
-85 killed(really 400)

Question 41

What was a Hitler’s justification on the Night of the Long knives when he addressed the Reichstag on the 13th July?

Answer 41

He accepted full responsibility and said it was necessary as Röhm was planning a coup

Question 42

What happened to the Nazis violence and terror after the night of the long knives?

Answer 42

Done by the SS not the SA in a more systematic and controlled manner

(SA lose all their political power and membership goes from 4.5 million to 1.6 million)

Question 43

What was the condition of president Hindenburg in the summer of 1934?

Answer 43

Bedridden dying of lung cancer

Question 44

What was the initial preference of president Hindenburg in his will?

Answer 44

Restoration of the monarchy

Question 45

What did Hitler get Hindenburg to sign before his death?

Answer 45

Officers of chancellor and president to be merged upon his death

Question 46

When does Hindenburg die?

Answer 46

2nd August 1934

-army swears a oath of loyalty to Hitler not Germany

Question 47

What does Hitler do to justify becoming the Füher on 19th August?

Answer 47

Asks the German people if they approve
89.9% approve
10.1% don’t
Hitler becomes Führer