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DNA replication & protein synthesis test > RNA & Protein synthesis > Flashcards

RNA & Protein synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two steps in Protein synthesis?

A

Transcription and translation

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2
Q

what happens in transcription?

A

segment of DNA is copied into mRNA

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3
Q

what happens in translation?

A

mRNA is translated into protein

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4
Q

where does transcription happen?

A

the segment of DNA is copied in the nucleous

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5
Q

where does translation happen?

A

in a ribosome, in the cytoplasm

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6
Q

what are the three types of RNA in protein synthesis

A

mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.

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7
Q

what does mRNA do?

A

carried genetic information from DNA to a ribosome

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8
Q

what does rRNA do?

A

decodes the mRNA (located in the ribosome)

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9
Q

what does tRNA do?

A

carries amino acids to the ribosome.

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10
Q

what is on mRNA?

A

a codon

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11
Q

what is on tRNA?

A

an anti codon

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12
Q

what is the first step of transcription?

A

DNA uncoils into two strands

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13
Q

what is the second step of transcription?

A

Enzymes pair up RNA nucleotides with DNA strands
C to G
A to U
T to A

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14
Q

what is the end result of transcription?

A

a single strand of RNA is produced

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15
Q

what is the first step of translation?

A

mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm

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16
Q

what is the second step of translation?

A

mRNA is read by a ribosome/rRNA 3 nucleotides (codon) at a time

17
Q

what is the third step of translation?

A

Codons are read and tRNA brings the correct amino acids according to the anti-codon. The amino acid connects to another make a long chain called a polypeptide chain.

18
Q

what is the end result of translation?

A

a polypeptide chain (aka a protein)

19
Q

do you know what protein synthesis looks like?

A

hopefully

20
Q

what is a codon?

A

a codon is 3 nucleotides on RNA. (3 nucleotides = 1 codon)

DNA replication & protein synthesis test (4 decks)

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