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Massage therapy > M106 Muscular system review > Flashcards

M106 Muscular system review Flashcards

1
Q

A persons ability to survive depends on his or her ability to?

A

Adapt

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2
Q

Skeletal muscle cells appear ______ under a microscope

A

Bundles

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3
Q

Describe the shape of muscle cells

A

Threadlike and cylindrical

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4
Q

Skeletal muscle cells contain multiple

A

Nuclei

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5
Q

Each fine thread found under a microscope is a muscle cell aka

A

Muscle fiber

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6
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is striated and voluntary

A

Skeletal

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7
Q

Which type of muscle tissue has dark bands called intercalated disks

A

Cardiac

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8
Q

Nonstriated muscles are also known as

A

Smooth muscle

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9
Q

Smooth muscle cells are taper at each end, lack striations and have only one _____

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

This kind of muscle is found in blood vessel walls and many hollow organs

A

Smooth

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11
Q

Smooth, nonstriated, involuntary muscle is sometimes called

A

Visceral

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12
Q

Every movement we make involves muscle ____

A

Contraction

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13
Q

A skeletal muscle is an

A

Organ

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14
Q

A skeletal muscle is composed of _______ &________

A

Striated muscles& connective tissue

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15
Q

A muscle attachment to the more stationary bone is its?

A

Origin

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16
Q

A muscle attachment to the more moveable bone is known as the ?

A

Insertion

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17
Q

The body of a muscle is also known as the

A

Belly

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18
Q

_____ anchors muscle to bone

A

Tendons

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19
Q

______ are made of dense fibrous connective tissue

A

Tendons

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20
Q

Small fluid-filled sacs

A

Bursa

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21
Q

These lie between tendon and bone

A

Bursa

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22
Q

These are made of connective tissue& lined with synovial membrane

A

Bursa

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23
Q

A _____ makes it easier for a tendon to slide over a bone when the tendons muscle shortens

A

Bursa

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24
Q

Some tendons are enclosed with _______ ______ tube-shaped structures lined with synovial fluid to facilitate movement

A

Tendon Sheaths

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25
Q

Prefixes meaning muscle

A

Myo- mys- sarco

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26
Q

Each skeletal muscle fiber is filled with 2 kinds of very fine threadlike structures called ______ &________

A

Thick and thin myofilaments

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27
Q

A protein that forms thick myofilaments

A

Myasin

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28
Q

A protein that forms thin myofilaments

A

Actin

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29
Q

The basic functional unit of skeletal muscle

A

Sarcromere

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30
Q

The basic contractile unit of skeletal muscle

A

Sarcromere

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31
Q

The basic building block of compact bone

A

Osteon

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32
Q

These separate sarcomeres from eachother

A

Z-lines

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33
Q

Muscle contraction causes the ____&_____ to slide together and shorten the sarcromere

A

Mysin&actin

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34
Q

______ _____ ______ explains how a skeletal muscle contracts

A

sliding filament theory

35
Q

For contraction to take place, this mineral must be present

A

Calcium

36
Q

The energy used for muscle contractions

A

ATP

37
Q

The primary functions of the muscular system

A

Heat production, movement, pulling, stability

38
Q

Muscles move bones by ______ them

A

Pulling

39
Q

When muscles contract they become

A

Shorter

40
Q

The muscle that is mainly responsible for producing a movement

A

Prime mover

41
Q

Muscles that Help* produce movement

A

Synergist

42
Q

Muscle that relaxes when the prime mover contracts

A

Antagonist

43
Q

These muscles produce the opposite action of the prime mover

A

Antagonist

44
Q

Type of specialized skeletal muscle contraction for maintaining body position

A

Tonic contraction

45
Q

In tonic contraction, few muscle fibers shorten at one time resulting in the muscle

A

Not shortening/moving

46
Q

_____ contraction doesnt move body parts

A

tonic

47
Q

________ contraction holds muscle in place

A

Tonic

48
Q

________ ______ maintains posture

A

Muscle tone

49
Q

Good posture puts less strain on? (multiple answers)

A

Organs, bone, muscle

50
Q

Good posture favors _____

A

function

51
Q

Skeletal muscle tone maintains posture by counteracting the pull of _____

A

Gravity

52
Q

_____ tends to pull the head and truck forward/ down

A

Gravity

53
Q

A constant ______ ____________ is necessary for survival

A

Body temprature

54
Q

Healthy human body temp

A

98.6

55
Q

Condition of low body temp for human

A

Hypothermia

56
Q

Condition of high body temp for human

A

Hyperthermia

57
Q

Most of the heat required to maintain body temp is created by

A

Muscle fiber contraction

58
Q

Muscle cells that are repeatedly stimulated without adequate rest decrease in strength& _____ results

A

Fatigue

59
Q

Is it possible for a muscle to lose its ability to contract by being overused?

A

Yes

60
Q

_____ _____ describes the continued increase in metabolism that occurs due to lack of oxygen

A

Oxygen debt

61
Q

List some other body systems aside from muscle that play a role in movement

A

Skeletal, cardiac, nervous

62
Q

Muscle cells are stimulated by a ______ _______ AKA ______ ______

A

Motor neuron, efferent neuron

63
Q

The point of contact between a nerve ending and a muscle fiber is called?

A

Neuromuscular junction

64
Q

A single motor neuron and the muscle cell it innervates is called a?

A

Motor unit

65
Q

___________ is the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract

A

Threshold

66
Q

Because muscle cells contract completely or not at all its typically referred to as ______ ___ ______ response

A

All or none

67
Q

A quick jerky response to a stimulus

A

Twitch

68
Q

A single stimulus & a single response results in a

A

Twitch

69
Q

______ ______ is produced by a series of stimuli bombarding the muscle in rapid succession

A

Tetanic contraction

70
Q

_______ _______ results in a muscle spasm/cramp

A

Tetanic contraction

71
Q

When the muscle changes length and there’s movement at the joint its called a ______ contraction

A

Isotonic

72
Q

Examples of this movement include walking, dancing and breathing

A

Isotonic contraction

73
Q

This contraction doesn’t always produce movement

A

Isometric

74
Q

Can muscle increase tension but not contract?

A

Yes

75
Q

Repeated ___ _____ makes muscles grow larger and stronger

A

isometric contraction

76
Q

Examples of this contraction include pushing on a wall

A

Isometric

77
Q

Prolonged inactivity in muscles can cause

A

Disuse, atrophy, muscle weakness

78
Q

Increase in muscle size is known as

A

Hypertrophy

79
Q

______ training involves contracting muscles against heavy resistance

A

Strength

80
Q

Strength training results in more _____ not more muscle fibers

A

myofilaments

81
Q

Movement that decreases the angle of two bones at the joint

A

flexion

82
Q

Movement that increases the angle of two bones at the joint

A

Extension

83
Q

Movement toward the midline of the body

A

Proximal

84
Q

Movement away from the midline of the body

A

Distol

Massage therapy (11 decks)

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