C2: Bonding

Question 1

what is STP?
- what is the volume of 1 mol of gas at STP?

Answer 1

T= 273K or 0 degrees C, P= 1atm
- 1 mol of gas = 22.4L

Question 2

what are standard state conditions for temperature and pressure?

Answer 2

T= 298K or 25 degrees C, P= 1 atm

Question 3

metals tend to form ____ and usually have ____ oxidation states

Answer 3

cation; positive

Question 4

are metals…
- ductile
- malleable
- good/bad thermal conductors
- good/bad electrical conductors

Answer 4

• yes
• yes
• good
• good

Question 5

nonmetals have a ____ melting point than metals and form ____

Answer 5

lower; anions

Question 6

metalloids have characteristics of ….

Answer 6

metals and nonmetals

Question 7

what is an intramolecular bond?
- intermolecular bond?
- which of the 2 is stronger?

Answer 7

a bond within a molecule
- a bond between 2 molecules
- intramolecular bonds are much stronger

Question 8

what is an ionic bond?
- a big difference in ____ is needed for these types of bonds

Answer 8

when a metal gives electrons to a nonmetal
- electronegativity

Question 9

what is a covalent bond?
- if electronegativity is different, it is a…

Answer 9

(nonmetal + nonmetal)
nonmetals SHARE valence electrons to get an octet
- polar bond with a dipole moment

Question 10

what is a polar bond?

Answer 10

when electron density between 2 nuclei is uneven (electronegativity difference) and a dipole moment exists

Question 11

the greater the electronegativity difference, the greater the …

Answer 11

dipole moment

Question 12

what is a coordinate covalent bond?

Answer 12

when one atom donates both of the electrons in a bond (lewis base) and another atom atom accepts electrons (lewis acid)

Question 13

what happens when a coordinate covalent bond breaks?

Answer 13

the electrons that come from the lewis base will leave with that lewis base

Question 14

if dipole exists on a molecule, the molecule must be ….

Answer 14

polar

Question 15

what is an ion dipole bond?
- does this bond show a permanent or weak dipole?

Answer 15

a bond between an ion and a polar molecule
- permanent

Question 16

what is a dipole- dipole bond?
- does this bond show a permanent or weak dipole?

Answer 16

a bond between 2 polar molecules
- permanent

Question 17

what is a dipole induced dipole bond?
- does this bond show a permanent or weak dipole?

Answer 17

a bond between a polar molecule and a non polar molecule
- both

Question 18

what is a london dispersion force bond?
- does this bond show a permanent or weak dipole?
- LDF is a ____ force
- ____ only experience LDF

Answer 18

a bond between 2 non- polar molecules
- weak
- default
- nonpolar

Question 19

sort the following bonds from strongest to weakest:
- dipole induced dipole
- ion dipole
- LDF
- dipole dipole

Answer 19

from strongest to weakest:
- ion dipole
- dipole dipole
- dipole induced dipole
- LDF

Question 20

what kinds of bonds are considered van der Waal forces?

Answer 20

dipole dipole, dipole induced dipole, LDF

Question 21

____ bonding is the strongest type of intermolecular force between neutral molecules. these types of bonds only occur between ….

Answer 21

hydrogen; N, O, F

Question 22

for N, O or F…
- they donate ____ charges from their lone electrons
- are weak lewis ____
- are hydrogen bond ____

Answer 22

• negative
• bases
• acceptors

Question 23

for a hydrogen bound to N, O or F…
- it has a partial ____ charge and accepts a ____ charge
- is a weak lewis ____
- is a hydrogen bond ____

Answer 23

• positive; negative
• acid
• donor

Question 24

within a strong intermolecular force is it ….
- harder/easier to separate molecules during phase transitions
- higher/lower melting point
- higher/lower boiling point
- greater/smaller viscosity
- higher/lower vapor pressure

Answer 24

• harder
• higher
• higher
• greater
• lower

Question 25

what is the formula for calculating the formal charge of an atom?

Answer 25

FC = V - 1/2B - L
V= # of valence electrons
B= # of bonding electrons
L= # of lone paired electrons

Question 26

what is an ionic solid?
- are they strong/ weak?

Answer 26

held together by interactions between cations and anions
- strong

Question 27

what is a network solid?
- are they strong/ weak?

Answer 27

atoms are connected by covalent bonds
- strong

Question 28

what is a metallic solid?
- are they strong/ weak?

Answer 28

atoms are connected by covalent bonds and have sea of electrons called conduction electrons
- vary in stength

Question 29

what is a molecular solid?
- are they strong/ weak?

Answer 29

held together by 3 types of intermolecular interactions: hydrogen bonding, dipole dipole forces, or LDF
- weak

Question 30

what periodic trend (or trends) increases from left to right and bottom to top?

Answer 30

ionization energy and electronegativity

Question 31

what periodic trend increases as it goes from right to left and top to bottom?

Answer 31

atomic radius

Question 32

what periodic trend is the same as that of atomic radius?

Answer 32

nuclear shielding

Question 33

what periodic trend becomes more negative from left to right and bottom to top?

Answer 33

electron affinity

Question 34

what are the following groups called in the periodic table?
- group 1
- group 2
- group 7
- group 8

Answer 34

• alkali metals
• alkaline earth metals
• halogens
• noble gases

Question 35

in regard to lewis structures,
- elements that are to the right of carbon on the PT….
- elements that are to the left of carbon on the PT….

Answer 35

• go by the octet rule
• give away/ share their valence electrons

Question 36

formal charge is helpful for knowing if a ____ is correct

Answer 36

lewis dot structure

Question 37

most lewis dot structures will give you a ____ of zero on each element, but sometimes it is not ____

Answer 37

formal charge; possible

Question 38

STUDY VSEPR CHART

Answer 38

STUDY VSEPR CHART