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neurosciences l > L2 Touch and Pain > Flashcards

L2 Touch and Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sematosensory system?

A

a network of neurons that helps recognize objects, textures, and generate sensory-motor feedback

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2
Q

What types of receptors are mechanoreceptors?

A

Merkel cells
Meissner corpuscle
Ruffini corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle
free nerve ending

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3
Q

What types of receptors are thermoreceptors?

A

Free nerve endings

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4
Q

What types of receptors are nociceptors?

A

Free nerve endings

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5
Q

All mechanoreceptors are A beta fiber types except which one? What fiber is it?

A

Free nerve endings ; C fibers

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6
Q

Warmth perceiving receptors are what type of fiber?

A

C

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7
Q

Cold perceiving receptors are what type of fiber?

A

A delta

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8
Q

What are merkel cells role in perception?

A

pressure, form, texture

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9
Q

What are meissner corpuscle’s role in perception?

A

motion,flutter

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10
Q

What are ruffini corpuscle’s role in perception?

A

stretch

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11
Q

What are pacinian corpuscle role in perception?

A

vibration

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12
Q

What are free nerve endings role in perception?

A

pressure

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13
Q

What are Adelta free nerve endings role in perception?

A

sharp localized pain

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14
Q

What are unmyelinated C free nerve endings role in perception?

A

burning

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15
Q

What are the two receptors in the superficial layer?

A

Meissner corpuscle
Merkel discs

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16
Q

What are the two receptors in the deep layer?

A

Ruffini corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle

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17
Q

How do you measure receptive field?

A

two point discrimination

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18
Q

What is the relationship b/n receptive field size and ability to distinguish b/n sensations?

A

the smaller the receptive field, the more distinction ability

like in hands and face

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19
Q

How is cutaneous sensory transduced?

A

as membrane stretches, ion channels open

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20
Q

What are the rapidly adapting receptors?

A

Meissner’s corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle

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21
Q

What are the slowly adapting receptors?

A

ruffini’s corpuscle
merkel disks

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22
Q

What is the reason for receptor adaption?

A

to allow for texture and pattern perception

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23
Q

How does somatosensory info enter the CNS?

A

vis dorsal root ganglia into dorsal root

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24
Q

What column does mechanosensory travel up in the spinal cord?

A

post./dorsal column

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25
Q

What column does pain and temp. travel up in the spinal cord?

A

lateral column

26
Q

Where does crossing over occur in the medial lemniscal system?

A

arcuate fibers in caudal medulla

This is also known as the dorsal column

27
Q

Mechanosensory receptors from the upper body travel up which tract?

A

cunate

28
Q

Mechanosensory receptors from the lower body travel up which tract?

A

gracile

29
Q

Where do mechanosensory receptors from the upper body synapse?

A

cunate nucleus

30
Q

Where do mechanosensory receptors from the lower body synapse?

A

gracile nucleus

31
Q

What sense is the Ventral post. lat. nucleus of the thalamus responsible for?

A

Sensory for body

CHECK THIS

(L)ateral Nucleus = (L)otion for the BODY

32
Q

What sense is the Ventral post. med. nucleus of the thalamus responsible for?

A

sensory for the head/face

(M)edial = (M)akeup for the FACE

33
Q

T/F Different portions of the brain are dedicated to body parts based on density of info

A

True

Example = the lips and hands have a lot of sensory density so they take a larger part of the brain than your torso.

34
Q

VR-1 (TPVR-1) receptor is a receptor for what?

A

capsaicin

35
Q

Where are VR-1 (TPVR-1) receptors found?

A

intracellularly

36
Q

T/F there technically are pain receptors in the body?

A

False

there are no pain receptors in the body

37
Q

What Nociceptors respond to?

A

intense and possibly harmful stimuli

38
Q

What type of pain are C fiber associated w?

A

dull, longer lasting pain

39
Q

Where do Nociceptors cross over

A

anterior white commissure

40
Q

What would be the effects of a left lower thoracic lesion?

A

reduced temp and pain sensation on right

reduced two-point discrimination, vibration, and proprioception on left

41
Q

What is lissauer’s tract?

A

2-3 segments above and below the DREZ (dorsal root entry zone)

42
Q

How is nociceptive perception maintained in case of injury?

A

lissauer’s tract

43
Q

What tract is assoc w/ pain reception

A

anterolateral (neospinothalamic)

44
Q

Where are pain receptors synapsed at?

A

Ventral post lat nucleus of thalamus

45
Q

Where does pain and temp info enter the spinal cord for upper body?

A

cervical spinal cord

46
Q

Where does pain and temp info enter the spinal cord for lower body?

A

lumbar spinal cord

47
Q

Where does pain and temp info enter the brainstem for the face?

A

midpons

48
Q

Where does pain and temp info synapse for the face?

A

VPMN of thalamus

49
Q

Ant. cingulate is the target for what?

A

avoidance/emotional component that drives behavioral responses

50
Q

Amygdala is the target for what?

A

negative emotion

51
Q

Hypothalamus is the target for what?

A

fight or flight

52
Q

Superior colliculus is the target for what?

A

visually directs is to source of paine

53
Q

Reticular formation is the target for what?

A

arousal to respond to pain

54
Q

Periaqueductal gray is the target for what?

A

pain modulation

55
Q

Where do spinotectal fiber synapse?

A

PAG

56
Q

Where does the PAG project to?

A

Raphe nucleus
Lateral tegmental nucleus

57
Q

Where do the raphe nucleus and lateral tegmental nucleus synapse?

A

enkephalinergic interneurons

58
Q

What is the role of the enkephalinergic interneurons?

A

release endogenous opioids to modulate pain

like a negative feedback loop

59
Q

perception of normally non-painful stimuli as being painful is called?

A

allodynia

60
Q

Painful stimuli that is perceived to be more painful than expected is called?

A

hyperalgesia

61
Q

What causes allodynia and hyperalgesia?

A

peripheral sensitization
centra; sensitization

62
Q

Release of neuropeptides from C fibers causes?

A

local sensitization

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