Bioenegetics

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

An endothermic reaction where a light energy is transferred by chloroplasts to produce glucose

Question 2

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide + water —> glucose +oxygen

Question 3

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 3

6 CO2 + 6 H2O→C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Question 4

Where in a plant does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 4

Inside chloroplasts in plant cells

Question 5

Do all cells have chloroplasts

Answer 5

No, only the ones that receive light

Question 6

Which plant cells have the most chloroplasts?

Answer 6

The cells that receive the most light…the palisade mesophyll cells in leaves

Question 7

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 7

• Light intensity
  -Carbon dioxide concentration
  -Temperature
  -Amount of chlorophyll

Question 8

Why does temperature affect photosynthesis?

Answer 8

Photosynthesis is a process that uses enzymes. If the enzymes get warmer photosynthesis happens at a faster rate, but if the enzymes get too hot they will denature and the photosynthesis will stop

Question 9

What other the organisms photosynthesise?

Answer 9

Algae pondweed and seaweed, as well as some bacteria. If there is a chloroplast, it will absorb light energy and photosynthesise.

Question 10

What is the inverse square law?

Answer 10

The light energy, reaching a certain point is equal to the inverse square of the direction. To that point, we can tear distance into light intensity by using one/d squared

Question 11

Why does anyone care about the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Anyone producing food crops will want to maximise profit. Adding in lighting, carbon dioxide or heat into a greenhouse/glasshouse will give faster growth, but may cost more so may not be worth doing.

Question 12

What is glucose produced in photosynthesis used for?

Answer 12

Respiration by all living cells.
Also, some is converted into starch, fat/oils Celulose, an amnio acids.

Question 13

Why do plants store glucose as starch?

Answer 13

Starch is insoluble so doesn’t affect osmosis.
Also it is more compact so it’s easier to store large amounts.
The starch is used by cells as a source of glucose for respiration when it is dark

Question 14

Why do plants convert some glucose into oils?

Answer 14

Seeds have oils stored in them as the energy supply for the new plants start to grow germinate

Question 15

Why do plants convert glucose into Celulose?

Answer 15

Cell walls are made of Celulose is a strong and help support the plant. all plant cells have cell walls

Question 16

Why do plants convert glucose into amnio acids?

Answer 16

Amnio acids are the building blocks of protein (for growth and repair)
plants need a amnio acids for protein synthesis (plants are responsible for producing many of the amnio acids that we rely on too.)

Question 17

What else do plants need for glucose to turn into amino acids?

Answer 17

Glucose contains elements of CHO
Amnio acids contain CHON
Plants need to get nitrate ions from the soil to make amnio acids.

Question 18

What is respiration?

Answer 18

An exothermic reaction where energy is released from glucose molecules. It happens continuously in all living cells.

Question 19

Why do all living cells Need to respire?

Answer 19

Living cells need an energy supply for all the processes they carry out e.g. chemical reactions, keeping warm and movement. Without this energy supply cells will die.

Question 20

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 20

Aerobic and anaerobic

Question 21

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 21

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide +water
plus energy is transferred but is not chemical so can’t go into a chemical equation

Question 22

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 22

Glucose —> lactic acid
Plus energy is transferred…not as much as aerobic as it is not efficient due to the oxidation of glucose being incomplete

Question 23

Is all anaerobic respiration the same?

Answer 23

No the equation above is for equalisation in muscles

Question 24

What is the anaerobic word equation for respiration in plants and yeast cells

Answer 24

Glucose —> ethanol +carbon dioxide

Question 25

Why is anaerobic respiration sometimes called fermentation?

Answer 25

Fermentation is just an anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast, and is economically important as it is how we produce bread and alcoholic drinks

Question 26

What happens to respiration when we exercise?

Answer 26

respiration increases as our cells require more energy

Question 27

What happens to the heart rate when respiration increases?

Answer 27

Heart rate increases so the blood circulates faster. This helps supply more oxygen and glucose to the muscle cells and removes lactic acid more quickly.

Question 28

What happens to breathing rate when respiration increases?

Answer 28

Breathing rate increases so that more oxygen enters the blood. This also help supply more oxygenated blood to the muscle cells and removes carbon dioxide more quickly to

Question 29

What happens to breath volume when respiration increases?

Answer 29

Each breath volume is bigger as we breathe more deeply during exercise. This also helps supply more oxygenated blood to the muscle cells.

Question 30

What if not enough oxygen gets to the muscle cells?

Answer 30

Anaerobic respiration will start to take place as well as aerobic with whatever oxygen is delivered to the muscle cells. Lactic acid levels will start to build up creating an oxygen debt.

Question 31

What is the problem with lactic acid buildup?

Answer 31

Cells become fatigued. If there is too much lactic acid produced, they will stop contracting efficiently.

Question 32

What happens to the lactic acid?

Answer 32

Flowingthrough the muscles transport to the liver, where is converted back to glucose. Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen needed to reacts with the lactic acid to remove it.

Question 33

What is metabolism?

Answer 33

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or body

Question 34

What is the energy transferred from respiration used for?

Answer 34

Building up new molecules using enzymes inside the cells

Question 35

Does metabolism includes carbohydrate production?

Answer 35

Yes, converting glucose and starch, Celulose and glycogen

Question 36

Does metabolism include lipid production?

Answer 36

Yes, joining three fatty acids and one glycerol to make lipid molecule a fat or an oil

Question 37

Does metabolism include protein production?

Answer 37

Yes, using glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids and then joining them to synthesise proteins

Question 38

What else is a metabolic process?

Answer 38

Respiration itself as a metabolism process. Also excess proteins are broken down in the liver to form urea which is excreted.