renal anatomy

Question 1

what ribs are posterior to kidneys

Answer 1

floating ribs 11-12

Question 2

what vertebral level does the left kidney sit at

Answer 2

T12-L2

Question 3

what vertebral level does the right kidney sit at

Answer 3

L1-L3

Question 4

kidneys lie in what region of the abdomen

Answer 4

lumbar/flank/upper quadrant

Question 5

how do they kidneys move on inspiration adn expiration
and why

Answer 5

move down on inspiration
move up on expiration

why: superior pole of kiney is in contact with the inferior part of the diaphragm. so when the diaphragm inflates it pushes the kidneys dwn and vice versa

Question 6

at what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate

Answer 6

level of umbillicus
(L4)

Question 7

where does the lymh from the kidneys drain

Answer 7

lumbar nodes

Question 8

what is the name of the junction where the renal pelvis constricts to become the ureter

Answer 8

pelviureteric junction

Question 9

how do the uereters run in relation to the illiac vessels

Answer 9

anterior to illiac vessels

Question 10

at what anatomical structure do the ureters turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder

Answer 10

ischial spine

Question 11

what level do sympathetic nerve fibres leave the spinal cord to innervate kidneys, bladder and ureter

Answer 11

T10-L2

Question 12

where do sympathetic nerve innervating kidneys, ureters and bladder synspase

Answer 12

abdominal sympathetic ganglion which is located around the abdominal aorta

Question 13

how do parasympathetic nerve fibres innervating kidneys and ureter and bladder, get there

Answer 13

nerve fibres for ureter and kidneys are carried within the vagus nerve

nerve fibres to bladder are carriec within the pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 14

common cause of loin to groin pain

Answer 14

calculus obstructing ureter

Question 15

what vertebral level do visceral afferent from kidneys enter the spinal cord

Answer 15

T11-L1 (run along with symp fibres)

Question 16

what vertebral levels do visceral afferents from the ureters enter the spinal cord

Answer 16

T11-L2 (run along with symp fibres)

Question 17

what vertebrla level do visceral afferents from the bladder enter the spinal cord

Answer 17

superior part which touches peritoneum: t11-L2 (run along with symp fibres)

rest of the bladder: s2,3,4 (run along with paraymp fibres)

Question 18

visceral afferents from proximal urethra pathway back to spinal cord

Answer 18

run alongside parasyp fibres back to spinal cord level of s2,3,4

Question 19

somatic sensory fibres from remaining urethra pathway back to spinal cord (include spinal cord level)

Answer 19

run alongside pudendal nerve (which also containe somatic motor fibres) to s2,3,4

Question 20

spinal cord level of visceral afferents from testes

Answer 20

t10-t11
(runs back with symp fibres)

Question 21

parasympathetic effect on bladder

Answer 21

detrusor muscle: contracts
internal urethral sphincter (only in males): relaxes (paras inhibits it)

Question 22

what stimulates contraction of internal urethral sphincter (only in males)

Answer 22

sympathetic nervous system