M7 Deck - Digestion and Nutrition

Question 1

What happens to a bolus of food as it passes along the oesophagus.

Answer 1

Peristalsis moves the bolus of food using muscle contractions and the epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea as you swallow.

Question 2

The 3 functions of the ileum.

Answer 2

• the second part of the small intestine
• absorbs broken down food into the alimentary canal
• 6 meters long and has a large surface area

Question 3

The 3 functions of the villi in the small intestines.

Answer 3

• finger like projections on the inner walls
• have microvilli to increase surface area for absorption
• contain a lacteal that absorbs fatty acids from fat digestion

Question 4

What is the length of the small intestine?

Answer 4

The length of the small intestine is 7 metres long.

Question 5

What are epithelial cells

Answer 5

Have a large number of mitochondria that give energy for transport of nutrients from ileum to the blood.

Question 6

Functions of the stomach

Answer 6

• the walls contract and relax to churn food
• mixes food with chyme and gastric juice

Question 7

3 Functions of the liver

Answer 7

• filters toxins and waste products from blood
• produces bile that breaks down fats through emulsification.
• stores vitamins and minerals

Question 8

What is chyme?

Answer 8

Food mixed with enzymes, mucus and hydrochloric acid

Question 9

Gastric juices

Answer 9

contain mucus, HCL and pepsin that are secreted from the gastric juice glands into the stomach to break down proteins.

Question 10

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 10

produces enzymes for digestion and hormones for blood sugar regulation such as lipase, amylase, protease and insulin

Question 11

What is the function of lipase, where is it produced and where is it secreted?

Answer 11

The function of lipase is to break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol it is found in the pancreas and secreted through the pancreas.

Question 12

What are Iodine tests on foods used for and what color is shown when starch is present and absent?

Answer 12

• used to test for starch
• deep blue when iodine is present (positive)
• brown when iodine is absent (negative)

Question 13

The 7 main characteristics of enzymes.

Answer 13

• Enzymes are proteins
• all specific to the chemical reaction it speeds up
• required in small amounts
• prevented from working by poisons
• work best at a particular temperature
• destroyed by high temperature
• work best at optimum pH.

Question 14

What is amylase and what does it break down?

Answer 14

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down polysaccharides into disaccharides and monosaccharides.

Question 15

What is protease and what does it break down?

Answer 15

Protease is an enzyme that breaks down protein into amino acids.

Question 16

What is lipase and what does it break down?

Answer 16

Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 17

What are the effects of temperature on the activity of digestive enzymes?

Answer 17

Higher temperatures destroy enzymes.

Question 18

Vitamin deficiency diseases caused by Vitamin C

Answer 18

Vitamin deficiencies caused by vitamin c is scurvy. Symptoms of scurvy are gums bleeding, wounds take longer to heal, and heart failure.

Question 19

Vitamin deficiency diseases caused by Vitamin D

Answer 19

Vitamin deficiencies caused by vitamin D is rickets. Symptoms of rickets are growing bones do not calcify, results in bowlegs in younger children or knock knee in older children.

Question 20

Disease caused by a deficiency in iron.

Answer 20

The disease caused by a deficiency in iron is called anaemia. Symptoms of anaemia include tiredness, lack of energy due to a reduction in red blood cells, since iron is in charge of making haemoglobin.

Question 21

What happens to the unusable materials (materials that are not absorbed) during the digestive process.

Answer 21

Unusable materials are expelled through excretion/egestion.

Question 22

What substances are absorbed into the lacteal of the villus?

Answer 22

Also known as the lymph capillary the lacteal absorbs fatty acids from the digestion of fat.

Question 23

Two substances that are absorbed into the blood capillaries

Answer 23

Two substances that are absorbed into blood capillaries are simple sugars and amino acids.

Question 24

One way the body uses glucose that is absorbed by the villus.

Answer 24

used in respiration

Question 25

One way the body uses amino acids that are absorbed by the villus

Answer 25

used for growth and repair and making proteins.

Question 26

One way the body uses fatty acids that are absorbed by the villus.

Answer 26

used to form new membranes in cells and organelles.

Question 27

The 2 functions of the duodenum

Answer 27

• the first part of the small intestine
• receives chyme from the stomach and secretions from the gall bladder and pancreas

Question 28

The 3 functions of the large intestine/colon

Answer 28

• five feet long
• reabsorbs water and vitamins
• formation of feces

Question 29

Function of the gallbadder

Answer 29

stores bile that breaks down fats in the digestive system