Fluid And Electrolytes Flashcards
Diffusion
Movement of particles (solute) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Does not require energy
Osmosis
The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane
Water moves from a lower particle concentration (lower solute concentration) to a higher particle concentration (higher solute concentration)
Does not require energy
Osmotic pressure
The pressure exerted on a semipermeable membrane by osmosis
Also defined as the pressure necessary to create equilibrium (no water would transfer due to osmosis)
Filtration
Movement of fluid and small particles due to hydrostatic pressure
Does not require energy
Isotonic solution
The same concentration as plasma (water moves into and out of the cell at the same rate)
NS (0.9% NaCl)
RL or LR (Ringer’s Lactate)
Ringer’s lactate solution (RL)
Used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure
Hypotonic
Less concentrated (more dilute) than plasma
Used to give fluids intravenously to hospitalized patients in order to treat or avoid dehydration.
½ NS (0.45% NaCl)
1/3 NS (0.33% NaCl)
Hypertonic
More concentrated than plasma
D5NS
D5RL
3% NaCl
Used to treat Cerebral Edema
Normal sodium
135-145 (Sodium is in everything so its a lot)
Normal potassium
3.5-5.5 (3-5 bananas in a bunch)
Normal calcium
8.5-10.5 (8-10 spots on a cow)
Normal magnesium
1.5-2.5 (2) magnets, you need 2
Normal chloride
96-106 (100 chlorides in a pool bc 100 degress out)
Normal bicarb
22-26 (bi = 2 ) my favorite number
Normal phosphate
2.7-4.5
