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Hubs > Bone Growth And Joint Tissue And Structure > Flashcards

Bone Growth And Joint Tissue And Structure Flashcards

1
Q

When do bones begin as a cartilage model

A

6 weeks after fertilisation

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2
Q

What is the process of transforming cartilage into bone called

A

Endochondral ossification

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3
Q

What is the primary centre of ossification

A

Diaphysis

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4
Q

What is the secondary centre of ossification

A

Epiphysis

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5
Q

Does the diaphysis or epiphysis engage in ossification first

A

Diaphysis - epiphysis remains cartilage

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6
Q

What separates the primary and secondary ossification centres

A

Epiphysis is separated from diaphysis by epiphyseal plate

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7
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate made of

A

Hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

What enables bone growth (length)

A

Epiphyseal plates

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9
Q

When do the epiphyses start to fuse with the diaphyses

A

Starting from puberty

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10
Q

What enables growth in length

A

Growth plate/epiphyseal plate

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11
Q

What enables growth in width

A

Appositional growth

Osteoblasts produce circumferential lamellae
Osteoclasts degrade bone and form medullary cavity

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12
Q

What is a joint

A

Holds bones together
Where bones meet
Involves bone tissue and soft tissues
Allows free movement/control of movement

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13
Q

Do the soft tissues of joints have inorganic components

A

No

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14
Q

What are the two types of cartilage associated with joints

A

Hyaline (articulate)
Fibrocartilage

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15
Q

What is the general composition of cartilage

A

Collagen fibres in a ground substance, chondrocytes in lucunae

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16
Q

Do blood vessels penetrate cartilage

A

No

17
Q

How does nutrients enter the cartilage matrix

A

Through joint loading

18
Q

What is the structure of hyaline (articulate) cartilage

A

Collagen fibres (random orientation) are barley visible
High water content in matrix

19
Q

What is the function of hyaline (articular) cartilage

A

Resist compression
To proveide a smooth, frictionless surface
Mould to surface of bones where they articulate

20
Q

What happens to hyaline cartilage with age

A

It degrades

21
Q

What is the structure of Fibrocartilage

A

Collagen fibres form bundles throughout matrix
Orientation of fibres align with stresses

22
Q

What is the function of Fibrocartilage

A

Resist compression and tension
Deepening of articular surfaces

23
Q

Where is Fibrocartilage located

A

Generally at articulations that experience both compression and tension

24
Q

What are the similarities of tendons and ligaments

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue
Collagen
Fibroblasts
Minimal vascularity
Slow healing after injury

25
Q

What are fibroblasts

A

A cell in connective tissue that produces collagen and fibres

26
Q

What do ligaments connect

A

Bone to bone

27
Q

What is the function of ligaments

A

Restrict movement (away from themselves)
E.g. lateral ligaments restrict medial movement

28
Q

What is the significance of elastin and collagen in ligaments

A

Allow stretch and recoil

29
Q

What is the function of tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone

Facilitates and controls movement

30
Q

What dictates the amount of soft tissue support there is in a joint

A

The amount of bony congruence (sum of surfaces that form an articulation)

31
Q

What are tissues

A

Cells grouped together in a highly organised manner according to specific structure and function

32
Q

What are structures

A

Something formed of a tissue

33
Q

What two types of joints have less range of motion

A

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

34
Q

What tissue is in fibrous joints

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue

35
Q

What provides structure to Fibrous joints

A

Ligament

36
Q

What is the function of Fibrous joints

A

Limit movement, provide stability

37
Q

What tissue is in cartilaginous joints

A

Fibrocartilage

38
Q

Do cartilaginous joints allow movement

A

Some movement

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